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  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (12)
  • 1955-1959  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1187-1195 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Monte Carlo simulations of cascade processes of secondary electron generation in Si, Cu, and Au have been performed to study the energy distribution of backscattered electrons in the low-energy region. Calculation results show that the characteristic hump appearing in the energy distribution above Si-LVV Auger peak in the EN(E) spectrum can be well described by those electrons ejected from the L shell followed by the cascade process. The shape of EN(E) spectra in the low-energy region is dominated by the directly produced secondary electrons and, hence, strongly correlated with the excitation spectrum Im[−1/ε(ω)] for electron generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7180-7187 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Monte Carlo simulation code has been developed to describe the x-ray generation in a specimen for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), enabling x-ray spectra observed by EPMA to be reproduced theoretically. The Monte Carlo simulation is based on the use of the Mott cross section and Bethe stopping power equation in describing elastic and inelastic scattering processes, respectively. With respect to x-ray generation the Sommerfeld theory for bremsstrahlung radiation was described by equations of Kirkpatrick–Wiedmann and of Statham for bremsstrahlung cross section. The up-to-date compilation of mass absorption coefficient by Henke, Gullikson, and Davis [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 54, 181 (1993)] is used to evaluate attenuation of x-ray intensity. To verify the present Monte Carlo simulation measurements of x-ray spectra for Cu and Rh targets have been performed for primary electron energies of 10–30 keV by energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry of an electron probe microanalyzer. Excellent agreement between experimental spectra and calculated results has been confirmed in the cases investigated, leading to the conclusion that the Monte Carlo simulation technique will be a powerful tool for more comprehensive understanding of x-ray generation in EPMA specimens. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 3647-3648 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An evaporation source of simple and compact construction was devised. This source is 20 mm in diameter and 30 mm long; is composed of a ring filament, control aperture, and disk-shaped sample (source) and shield cover; and enables the evaporation of source material to be easily controlled at a constant rate without the use of a feedback system. This evaporation source ensures depositions at constant rates for several hours. Refractory metal films of several thousand angstroms thickness can be deposited onto substrates held 10 cm from the source. Typical performance characteristics in the application to Ti films are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3559-3561 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the coercivity (HcI)of Nd15(Fe1−xCox)77B8 and (Nd1−xDyx)15Fe77B8 sintered magnets and that of the saturation magnetization (Ms) and the anisotropy field (HA) of Nd2(Fe1−xCox)14B and (Nd1−xDyx)2Fe14B single crystals have been observed in the temperature range between 295 and 800 K. The dependence of the coercivity on the major magnetic properties of the matrix phase in the Nd-Fe-B based magnets are investigated using the μ0HA vs μ0HcI+Ms plot. It is demonstrated that this method of analysis is useful in studying the coercivity mechanism of the Nd-Fe-B based sintered magnets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3319-3320 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Microstructure of grain-boundary regions in sintered Nd15Fe77B8 magnets has been observed under a high-resolution TEM. Crystalline Nd-rich phase is not observed at all the grain boundaries, while amorphouslike layers are observed quite often. It has also been found that no bcc phase in as-sintered samples was observed before heating the samples but heating of the samples for annealing has caused bcc microcrystals to form in the edges of the matrix phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new method for pattern reduction in the x-ray region is proposed. In its principle was used the asymmetric Bragg reflection giving the different beamwidth in the reflected beam from the incident one. Light from an undulator line (BL-2) at the Photon Factory was used to obtain highly spatially resolved replication in reasonably short exposure time. Performed was one-dimensional demagnification of a pattern with a ratio of 1/4 in the following condition: Si 111 reflection was used where the offset angle α from the surface is 22° and the wavelength λ was 3.5 λ, which is available from the 7th harmonic of the undulator radiation. The submicron scale resist pattern was resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1811-1816 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Detailed operations of the apparatus for the stroboscopic observation of periodic phenomena at the region of line frequencies, such as the magnetic domain response, under the scanning electron microscopy are described in this paper. To achieve the stroboscopic observation at such low frequencies, a new line-sampling technique has been introduced instead of the conventional point-sampling method. In addition to the line-sampling stroboscopy, a multiframe operation is also introduced to display the stroboscopic images of different phase values simultaneously. These operations are simply realized by applying the raster separation and the blanking on the display monitor scope under the multiple line-sampling during the one-drive period. To demonstrate the ability of this simple apparatus, some results of the stroboscopic observation of magnetic domains in an Fe–Si sample under a 60-Hz drive field are also presented in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 2733-2737 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new version for the marlowe code, which enables dynamic simulation of damage processes during ion implantation to be performed, has been developed. This simulation code is based on uses of the Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark potential [in Proceedings of the International Engineering Congress on Ion Sources and Ion-Assisted Technology, edited by T. Takagi (Ionic Co., Tokyo, 1983), p. 1861] for elastic scattering and Firsov's equation [O. B. Firsov, Sov. Phys. JETP 61, 1453 (1971)] for electron stopping. By introducing a damage function f(z)=l−exp[−ΔE(z)/Ecrit], where ΔE(z) is the deposition energy due to nuclear stopping per unit volume at depth z and Ecrit is the critical energy assessed from the experiment, the present code allows us to simulate how the crystalline structure at depth z transforms to the disordered structure, resulting in the marked change in the penetration of implanted ions as ion implantation proceeds. To examine the applicability of the present simulation code for practical ion implantation, we have performed dynamic simulations of the depth profile of implanted ions considering the changes in the crystalline structure due to disordering during ion implantations, and the results are compared with the experimental results of Mayer et al. [Can. J. Phys. 46, 664 (1968)]. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results has been found to be very good. A prediction on the dose dependence of lattice disorder for practical low-dose implantation in GaAs is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 1606-1609 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A line-sampling multiframe stroboscopic observation system was attached to a commercial-type 200-kV scanning electron microscope for dynamic observation of ferromagnetic domains in grain-oriented 3% silicon steels with orientation near (110) [001]. This technique has enabled the individual stroboscopic image, at different phases of drive field, to be observed on a display tube simultaneously, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of core-loss characteristics of the silicon steels magnetized at commercial frequency in practical use. The observation has clearly revealed that uniform displacement of domain walls according to the alternating magnetization at commercial frequency leads to lower core losses during operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 376-377 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The recently developed dynamic observation technique of R. Shimizu and T. Ikuta [Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 811 (1984)] for scanning electron microscopy, "line-sampling stroboscopy,'' was used for the observation of magnetic domains in an amorphous ferromagnetic ribbon. The image-processing technique introduced turned out to be very useful, allowing the behavior of domain walls, which is often obscured by topological contrast, to be clearly observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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