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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vibrational spectroscopy of polymers, by D. I. Bower and W. F. Maddams, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1989, 326 pp. Price: $89.50 (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 28 (1990), S. 386-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1990.140281207
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chain extenders and stabilizers on the in-vivo stability of polyurethanes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 3 (1992), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly(etherurethane) (PEU) and poly(etherurethaneurea) (Biomer®) films with and without antioxidant stabilizers were subcutaneously implanted into dogs and rats for up to 10 weeks. It was found that the molecular weight of the PEU films decreased over the 10-week period, while the Biomer® films increased in molecular weight. The presence of the stabilizers resulted in less severe changes in molecular weight. Surface cracking was most pronounced on both the stabilized and nonstabilized PEU films. Stress did not have to be applied to induce the surface cracking.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770030104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure - property relationships of polyurethane ionomers with star chain architecture (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1831-1841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of chain architecture, polyol chemistry and polyol molecular weight on the properties of elastomeric polyurethane ionomers were investigated. The type of polyol and its molecular weight had a strong influence on the rubbery modulus and tensile properties. Variations in chain architecture showed little impact on mechanical and thermal properties. Linear ionomers, threearm ionomers, and six-arm ionomers had similar mechanical and thermal behavior.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410738
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Castor oil based UV-curable polyurethane-acrylate interpenetrating networks (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 2249-2257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Castor oil was reacted in varying ratios with β-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate to form a liquid urethane-methacrylate prepolymer. This prepolymer was then cured using ultraviolet radiation to form a series of base polymer networks or using various methacrylates to form conetworks. By swelling the base networks with the appropriate methacrylate monomers, semi- and full interpenetrating networks (IPNs) were prepared with similar compositions. All of the materials formed transparent films. Results of swelling experiments, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle x-ray scattering are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070431214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyether-polyimide thermoplastic elastomers. I. Synthesis and properties (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 409-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyether-polyimides based on polycondensation of poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol di-p-aminobenzoate with different molecular weights (650, 1000, 2000) and benzenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) or 3,3′,4,4′-benzenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride (BPTDA) was synthesized. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and stress-strain tests were used to follow the imidization process and to study the structure-property relations of this family of polymers. FTIR data showed that the imidization was completed after 6 h at 140°C, which is a much lower temperature than that required for polyimides synthesized from low molecular weight diamines. DSC and DMA results indicated that the block copolymer exhibited a well-phase-separated structure and had a broad rubbery plateau from about -70°C to 260°C, which varied with dianhydride type and hard-segment content. The BTDA series had enhanced mechanical properties compared to the BPTDA series. The excellent tensile properties of the polyether-polyimides suggest that they could be potentially used as heat-resistant thermoplastic elastomers.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface properties and platelet adhesion characteristics of acrylic acid and allylamine plasma-treated polyethylene (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1601-1619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acidic oxygen-containing and basic nitrogen-containing functional groups were incorporated onto thin films formed by plasma polymerization of acrylic acid and allylamine in a lowpressure glow discharge. ESCA, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and static contact-angle measurements confirmed the presence of these functional groups. Surface hydrophilicity of the acrylic acid plasma polymer decreased with time due to the diffusion of hydrophilic oxygencontaining functional groups away from the surface of the plasma-treated polyethylene. In contrast, the hydrophilicity of the allylamine plasma polymer increased with time because of the extensive post-plasma-treatment oxidation with atmospheric oxygen. In assessing the blood compatibility of these two types of plasma polymer surfaces by platelet adhesion and spreading, the acidic acrylic acid plasma polymers showed an improvement in thromboresistance, but the basic allylamine plasma polymers were more thrombogenic than was the untreated low-density polyethylene base material. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470908
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface characterization of plasma-derivatized polyurethanes (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of plasma deposition to introduce sulfonate groups to the surface of a polyurethane was attempted. In previous work, the bulk incorporation of sulfonate groups was found to improve the blood contacting properties of the base polyurethane but physical properties in the hydrated state were adversely affected. Plasma deposition schemes involving ammonia and sulfur dioxide were utilized in an attempt to incorporate sulfonate groups. Surface characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements was used to follow polymer surface rearrangement dynamics and to address the issue of plasma chemistry specificity. Concerns of reaction specificity were alleviated by using the plasma as a pretreatment which is followed by a chemical surface derivatization.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soft segment chemistry on the biostability of segmented polyurethanes. I. In vitro oxidation (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 341-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A series of segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) containing various polyol soft segments was prepared and their resistance to oxidative degradation was investigated after aging in AgNO3 solution. The SPU with the polyether soft segment showed a large reduction in mechanical strength after exposure to the oxidative environment. Surface cracking was often observed for these specimens. XPS measurements revealed that scission of the ether linkage occurs upon oxidation. The oxidative resistance of SPUs containing aliphatic hydrocarbon soft segments was significantly improved over the poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) based polyurethane.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820250306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrin receptors and platelet adhesion to synthetic surfaces (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 683-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The activation-independent and -dependent integrin receptors - glycoproteins GPIc-IIa (α5-β1) and GPIIb-IIIa (αIIb-β3) - are involved in platelet adhesion and thrombus growth on damaged subendothelium through interactions with fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive proteins. Because these receptors are used in normal in vivo hemostatic adhesion, they may also have a role for adhesion onto synthetic surfaces in the vasculature. Platelet adhesion in vitro was examined onto Formvar, glass, and four polyurethaneureas with various soft segment chemistries and surface properties. Platelets were pretreated with RGD peptides before and after adhesion. RGD peptide pretreatment inhibited spreading and close contact formation compared to treatment with saline or control RGE peptides, with no observable effect on the number of adherent platelets per area. High-voltage electron microscopy showed abnormally sparse and short microfilament structures with RGD peptide treatment, suggesting an indirect inhibition of actin filament formation. Video-enhanced light microscopy showed a cessation of spreading and a partial reversal of close contacts following RGD peptide application to adherent platelets. Because minimal amounts of plasma proteins are present in column-washed platelet suspensions, and as platelet secretion appeared to be minimal in these experiments, these observations suggest that RGD binding integrin receptors may function in platelet spreading even in the absence of exogenous ligand. As RGD peptides did not affect the numbers of adherent platelets, while producing substantial decreases in the extent of spreading, we suggest that platelet integrins, possibly GPIIb-IIIa, are involved in spreading on synthetic surfaces but not for initial adhesion. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270516
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polyol type on the surface structure of sulfonate-containing polyurethanes (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 735-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Polyurethanes based upon polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) as the polyol and derivatized with propyl sulfonate functionality pendant from the urethane nitrogen have previously been shown to possess good bloodcontacting properties. Other investigators have shown that sulfonated polyurethanes containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the soft segment are much more thrombogenic than those containing PTMO as the soft segment. In this article, the surface properties of sulfonated polyurethanes based upon either PTMO or PEO are compared. Dynamic contact angle measurements show a significant decrease in the receding angles of the sulfonated PTMO-containing polyurethane as compared to its nonsulfonated precursor polymer. No significant difference is seen between the receding contact angles of either the sulfonated PEO-based polyurethane or its nonsulfonated analog. Variableangle electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) studies of sulfonated PTMO-based polyurethane performed at room temperature show that there is a significant decrease in sulfur content at the surface. In contrast, the sulfonated PEO-based polyurethane showed little change in sulfur content with take-off angle. Finally, ESCA studies of freeze-dried surfaces show a significant increase in sulfur near the surface of the sulfonated PTMO-based polymer as compared to vacuum-dried samples but show no such increase for the sulfonated PEO-based polyurethane. It is suggested that the ability of the sulfonate functionality to be expressed at the surface may explain the observed differences in blood compatibility between the sulfonated polyurethanes based upon polyols of varying hydrophilicity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270606
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