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In vivo secretory responses of submandibular glands in streptozotocin-diabetic rats to sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation (1993)

Anderson, Leigh C. ; Garrett, John R. ; Suleiman, Ahmed H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 559-566

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Diabetes ; Submandibular gland ; Sympathetic innervation ; Parasympathetic innervation ; Rat (Wistar)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Submandibular gland responses to sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation were studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Morphologically, the acinar cells in control glands were relatively uniform in size and contained electron-lucent granules. The granular ducts were distinguished by the presence of electron-dense granules. With the exception of intracellular lipid droplets and the presence of a few autophagosomes in diabetic glands, no consistent differences in acinar cell structure were observed. In contrast, the diameter of the granular ducts and the granule content of their cells were less in diabetic glands. At 3 weeks sympathetic flow rate, salivary protein concentration, and total protein output were unaffected by diabetes. Sympathetic flow rate was greater at 3 months, and the concentration of protein in the saliva was lower. In 6-month diabetic rats flow rate remained increased, but protein concentration and total protein output were reduced. The decrease in salivary protein concentration at 3 and 6 months was accompanied by a reduction in secretory granule release from acinar and granular duct cells. No consistent differences in flow rate, protein concentration, protein output, or secretory granule release were observed following parasympathetic stimulation. We conclude that the effects of diabetes on nerve-stimulated flow rate and protein release depend on the duration of diabetes and the type of stimulation, and are independent of one another.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314554

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Morphological effects of diabetes on the granular ducts and acini of the rat submandibular gland (1994)

Anderson, Leigh C. ; Suleiman, Ahmed H. ; Garrett, John R.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 61-70

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ISSN: 1059-910X

Keywords: Salivary gland ; Diabetes ; Insulin ; Electron microscopy ; Streptozotocin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Notes: Effects of experimental diabetes on rat submandibular glands have been documented, but earlier reports suggested that diabetes caused an extensive cellular degeneration and a replacement of the parenchymal cells by fibrous connective tissue. Such observations, however, are difficult to reconcile with the relatively normal physiological responsiveness of the gland (Anderson and Suleiman, 1989). This study, therefore, reexamined the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on rat submandibular glands. The tissues were examined at 3 weeks, and 3 and 6 months after the induction of diabetes, and compared with glands from age-matched controls by both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopically, the proportional volumes of the acini and granular ducts remained constant in control rats at about 48% and 38% respectively. In diabetic animals the volume density of the acini increased progressively to 62%, whereas that of the granular ducts decreased to 20%. The diameter and number of granular ducts were reduced in diabetic animals, but acinar cell profile area was only affected 6 months after the induction of diabetes. Ultrastructurally, there was an accumulation of lipid in the acinar cells and, with increasing duration of diabetes, the number of autophagic structures in both the acini and the granular ducts increased. Although there was evidence of some cellular degeneration it was never excessive. Morphometry showed that the volume density of secretory granules within the acinar cells was unaffected, but there was a significant reduction in the volume density of secretory granules within the granular ducts. Thus, in the rat submandibular gland the greatest effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes was to cause hypotrophic changes in the cells of the granular ducts. The relative contributions of a direct effect of insulin insufficiency and the hypogonadal effects of diabetes, however, are not known. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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