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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 302-316 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The three-dimensional structure of human dicupric monooxalate lactoferrin, Cu2oxLf, has been determined to 2.0 Å resolution, using X-ray diffraction data collected by diffractometry to 2.5 Å resolution, and oscillation photography on a synchrotron source to 2.0 Å resolution. Difference electron-density maps calculated between Cu2oxLf and both dicupric lactoferrin, Cu2Lf, and diferric lactoferrin, Fe2Lf, showed that the oxalate had replaced a carbonate in the C-terminal binding site, and that, relative to Cu2Lf, there were no significant differences in the N-terminal site. The structure was then refined crystallographically by restrained least-squares methods. The final model, in which the r.m.s. deviation in bond distances is 0.017 Å, contains 5314 protein atoms (691 residues), two Cu2+ ions, one bicarbonate ion, one oxalate ion, 325 solvent molecules and one sugar residue. The crystallographic R factor of 0.193 is for 46 134 reflections in the range 8.0 to 2.0 Å resolution. The oxalate ion is coordinated to copper in a 1,2-bidentate fashion, and the added bulk of the anion results in the rearrangement of the side chains of nearby arginine and tyrosine residues. No other major alterations in the molecule can be observed, the overall protein structure being the same as that for Cu2Lf and Fe2Lf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 429-440 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In protein crystallography, the initial experimental problem is the identification of physical and chemical conditions that will support nucleation and crystal growth. Ideally, experiments to search for such conditions would be based on a full-factorial structure, with variation in the temperature and solution composition. However, consideration of even a moderate number of possibilities for the composition of the system will result in factorial experiments which may be prohibitively large. In this paper it is proposed that search experiments for protein crystallization might be based on orthogonal arrays. These are subsets of full-factorial experiments which possess a great deal of symmetry, such that a uniform distribution of points throughout the experimental region is preserved. Such experiments have reasonable size, explore the proposed experimental region in a systematic fashion, and form a logical basis for a sequential approach to the search for crystallization conditions. Examples of such initial search experiments are given, and their application to some recent protein crystallization problems in this laboratory is described briefly. The relationship of this approach to other protein crystallization search procedures is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 380-384 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Enzymatic deglycosylation has been used in attempts to crystallize several glycoproteins with the aim of overcoming the problems resulting from heterogeneity and flexibility of the attached glycan chains. An endoglycosidase preparation from Flavobacterium meningosepticum, comprising the enzymes endo F and PNGase-F, was used in experiments on the mammalian binding proteins lactoferrin and haemopexin. Significant differences were found in the susceptibility of different proteins to deglycosylation. For human lactoferrin (Lf) and its recombinant N-terminal half-molecule (LfN), deglycosylation was rapid and complete, and was essential for obtaining high-quality crystals of both apo-Lf and LfN; for bovine Lf, however, complete deglycosylation did not occur. Similarly, for rabbit haemopexin the carbohydrate chain on the C-terminal domain was easily removed, but the three chains on the N-terminal domain proved more resistant and their removal led to some fragmentation of the protein. Nevertheless, this approach provided the only means of crystallizing the C-terminal domain and is likely to be useful for other glycoproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 137 (1994), S. 270-271 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2916-2918 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Near diffraction limited output from a slab waveguide carbon monoxide gain medium using a hybrid confocal unstable resonator is described. A device producing a cw output of 80 W in a beam with M2=1.5 has been demonstrated operating with 12% efficiency at −30 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 530-532 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Continuous coupling of square-bore CO2 waveguide lasers by geometrical overlap in the diagonal direction has been used for phase locking of a five-channel array. A radio-frequency discharge excited device has produced 125 W in phase-locked operation, with power per channel equal to independent single channels. The dependence of phase-locking range on the coupling geometry, and dimensional tolerances has been demonstrated. The array radiates approximately 65% of its power in the axial lobe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2469-2471 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique for selecting a single high-order lateral mode of a rf excited slab waveguide laser is described. An in-cavity grid which matches the periodicity of the desired mode, together with slab waveguide dimensions which create coherent imaging by the Talbot effect, have produced a stable output power of 155 W in a high spectral purity, single-resonator mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1281-1283 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A large area (slab) waveguide carbon monoxide laser, excited by a transverse radio frequency discharge and cooled by diffusion, has been demonstrated at electrode temperatures down to −30 °C. A maximum laser power of 120 W has been achieved from a sealed 386×2 mm discharge at an extraction efficiency of 17%. Discharge area scaling factors of 15.5 kW m−2 have been observed and cw power extraction exceeding 50 W using tap water cooling has been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 136-138 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A transverse radio frequency discharge excited, carbon dioxide slab laser has been operated cw with a hybrid waveguide / confocal unstable resonator to produce an output power of 1.06 kW at 12% efficiency. The active volume of 770×95×2 mm3 consists of a single discharge section with one cable feed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2904-2906 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fast-axial-flow, cryogenically cooled, carbon monoxide laser has been operated at 28% efficiency producing a continuous wave output power of 1.08 kW. The laser uses two cylindrical discharge sections, each 225 mm in length, which are excited by transverse radio-frequency fields at 27 MHz in a linear stable optical resonator. A specific power output of 2.41 kW m−1 and an extraction power density of 9.41 W cm−3 have been attained by optimization of the transverse and longitudinal electrode configuration. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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