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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early recognition of autonomic dysfunction in microalbuminuria: significance for cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus? (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 788-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Autonomic function, diabetes mellitus, 24-h heart rate variability, microalbuminuria, sudden cardiac death, vagal function, autonomic neuropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients predicts development of macroalbuminuria and coronary heart disease. Autonomic dysfunction in ischaemic heart disease is related to an increased incidence of arrhythmic deaths. To assess sympathovagal balance in relation to microalbuminuria we performed 24-h spectral analysis of RR interval oscillations in 37 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Patients were divided according to urinary albumin excretion as normo-(〈20 µg/min) (n =12), micro-(〉20 and 〈200 µg/min) (n =14) and macro-albuminuria (〉200 µg/min) (n =11). None had symptoms or signs of ischaemic heart disease at clinical examination or during stress testing. Fourteen matched healthy subjects served as controls. Overall RR interval variability was calculated as the 24-h standard deviation. The square root of power of the low-frequency (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15–0.40 Hz) component were considered indices of the sympathovagal interaction and vagal function, respectively. Patients with micro and macroalbuminuria had, compared to control subjects, significantly reduced 24-h standard deviation, a much smaller day/night difference in mean RR level and a significantly reduced amplitude of the low frequency and high frequency oscillations, which were even more reduced in macroalbuminuria. The differences in vagal function were also present after correction for mean RR level, and differences in physical training level and smoking. Insulin-dependent diabetic patients who develop microalbuminuria have significantly impaired vagal function and abnormal sympathovagal interaction, which is further deranged in macroalbuminuria. This early autonomic dysfunction may later contribute to a increased risk for sudden cardiac death. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 788–796]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404336
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early recognition of autonomic dysfunction in microalbuminuria: significance for cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus? (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 788-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Autonomic function ; diabetes mellitus ; 24-h heart rate variability ; microalbuminuria ; sudden cardiac death ; vagal function ; autonomic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients predicts development of macroalbuminuria and coronary heart disease. Autonomic dysfunction in ischaemic heart disease is related to an increased incidence of arrhythmic deaths. To assess sympathovagal balance in relation to microalbuminuria we performed 24-h spectral analysis of RR interval oscillations in 37 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Patients were divided according to urinary albumin excretion as normo-(〈20 Μg/min) (n=12), micro-(〉20 and 〈200 Μg/min) (n=14) and macro-albuminuria (〉200 Μg/min) (n=11). None had symptoms or signs of ischaemic heart disease at clinical examination or during stress testing. Fourteen matched healthy subjects served as controls. Overall RR interval variability was calculated as the 24-h standard deviation. The square root of power of the low-frequency (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15–0.40 Hz) component were considered indices of the sympathovagal interaction and vagal function, respectively. Patients with micro and macroalbuminuria had, compared to control subjects, significantly reduced 24-h standard deviation, a much smaller day/night difference in mean RR level and a significantly reduced amplitude of the low frequency and high frequency oscillations, which were even more reduced in macroalbuminuria. The differences in vagal function were also present after correction for mean RR level, and differences in physical training level and smoking. Insulin-dependent diabetic patients who develop microalbuminuria have significantly impaired vagal function and abnormal sympathovagal interaction, which is further deranged in macroalbuminuria. This early autonomic dysfunction may later contribute to a increased risk for sudden cardiac death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404336
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monocyte Function in IDDM Patients and Healthy Individuals (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) may be pathogenetically important in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), which is associated with genes of the HLA region. Since a regulatory role of HLA region genes on monokine production may exist, we looked for an association between the monokine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) responses of monocytes (Mo) from 20 healthy males (18–50 years) with HLA-DR types relevant for IDDM susceptibility and resistance (DR 1,2, DR 1,3, DR 1,4, DR 3,4). Monokine assays were established and evaluated and the secretions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2 measured in Mo cultures (2 h, 6 h, 20 h) prepared by endotoxin-free techniques and stimulated by low-dose E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). There were no significant associations between Mo responses and HLA-DR phenotype. Likewise, Mo from DR2 (n=5) and DR4 (n= 5) homozygous healthy males demonstrated no significant differences in monokine and PGE2 responses of Mo.In the HLA class III region a diallelic TNF-β gene Ncol polymorphism consisting of alleles of 5.5 kb and 10.5 kb was recently described and associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases including IDDM. We report that IL-1β and TNF-α responses of Mo from TNF-β 10.5 kb homozygous healthy individuals were significantly higher than for TNF-β 5.5/10.5 kb heterozygotes.IL-1β and TNF-α responses of Mo from males (18–35 years) with newly diagnosed (n= 10) and long-standing IDDM (n= 10) and from age- and HLA-DR-matched healthy males (n= 10) were studied. LPS, gamma interferon (IFN), and TNF-α-stimulated Mo cultures were investigated. No significant differences were found between Mo responses of IDDM patients and controls. IFN (1000 U/ml) in the presence of LPS significantly potentiated LPS-stimulated Mo TNF-α secretion and reduced the levels of IL-β immunoreactivity in Mo lysates. IFN and TNF-α did not have any effects on LPS-stimulated Mo secretion of IL-1 β immunoreactivity.We conclude that Mo IL-1β and TNF-α production is normal in patients with recent-onset and long-standing IDDM. The interindividual differences in monokine responses may be accounted for by the diallelic human TNF-β gene polymorphism rather than by HLA class II genes. This observation may be important for understanding the association of certain H LA haplotypes with autoimmune phenomena and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02924.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary Supplementation with co-3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Decreases Mononuclear Cell Proliferation and Interleukin-1β Content but not Monokine Secretion in Healthy and Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Individuals (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of dietary supplementation with ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3-PUFA) on the proliferative response of PBMC and on the secretion of monokines and arachidonic acid metabolites from PBMC and monocytes (Mo) from healthy subjects and patients with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined. Three groups of eight to nine healthy individuals were randomized to either 2.0 g/day or 4.0 g/day of ω-3-PUFA devoid of vitamins A and D, or an isocaloric amount of placebo. Furthermore, eight patients with recent-onset IDDM received 4.0 g/day of ω-3-PUFA. IL-lβ production and TNF-α secretion was determined before and after 7 weeks of treatment, and 10 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. Significant increases in platelet and PBMC membrane eicosapentaenoic acid was found in ω-3-PUFA-treated individuals. ω-3-PUFA treatment significantly reduced the content of IL-Ib in lysates of PBMC, but did not affect PBMC or Mo secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or PBMC leukotriene B4 (LTB4) secretion in healthy subjects or in IDDM patients. A significant inhibition of the PHA-stimulated. but not the spontaneous or PPD-stimulated, proliferative response of PBMC was observed in healthy and diabetic subjects treated with (o-3-PUFA. No correlation was found between PHA-stimulated PBMC proliferation and PBMC secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β. There were no significant differences in the spontaneous or the PPD-or PHA-stimulated proliferative responses of PBMC between diabetic and healthy individuals at entry. We conclude that although dietary supplementation with 4.0 g/day of ω-3-PUFA inhibits the proliferation of PBMC and reduces IL-I immunoreactivity in PBMC and Mo, it does not alter monokine, PGE2 or LTB4, secretion in healthy or IDDM subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01563.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic studies of butylphenyl, mono-ol and perfluorinated bonded phases (1994)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 520-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; New bonded phases ; 13C and29Si CP-MAS NMR ; DRIFT ; ESCA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A variety of olefins were bonded to silaceous supports through a hydride modified substrate. The products were then examined by13C and29Si solid state-NMR with cross-polarization (CP) and magic angle spinning (MAS). Information about the surface was also obtained by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) and the related photoelectron spectroscopic technique (ESCA). Carbon analysis on bonded silicas was carried out and surface coverage was calculated. Confirmation of the organic groups bound to the silica support was possible. The hydride intermediate is shown to be a versatile material for bonding a wide variety of organic moieties to silica surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268274
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional and morphological effects of interleukin-1β on the perfused rat pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Interleukin-1 ; perfused rat pancreas ; insulin ; glucagon ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We recently reported a potentiating effect of recombinant human interleukin-1β on glucose-stimulated insulin release from the isolated perfused pancreas. With the aim of determining whether the stimulatory effect of recombinant interleukin-1β on the B cell in the intact gland was modulated by varying the concentration, time of exposure to recombinant interleukin-1β or B-cell activity, and to elucidate a possible mechanism of action, we measured in the perfused rat pancreas the release of insulin, glucagon and/or prostaglandin E2 according to the following three different protocols: (1) perfusion with 20 ng/ml of recombinant interleukin-1β for 92 min at 5 and 20 mmol/1 D-glucose (2) perfusion with varying concentrations of recombinant interleukin-1β ranging from 0.1×10−3 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml at 5 and 20 mmol/l D-glucose (3) perfusion with 20 ng/ml of recombinant interleukin-1β at 5,11 or 20 mmol/l D-glucose. Furthermore, in a separate set of experiments we examined the influence of the cytokine on the morphology of the endocrine pancreas. Interleukin-1β stimulated insulin secretion at 11 and 20 mmol/l D-glucose and potentiated first as well as second phase insulin release in a dose-dependent fashion, with decreasing effect at higher concentrations. Glucagon secretion was also stimulated by recombinant interleukin-1β, irrespective of increasing glucose (5, 11, 20 mmol/l) and insulin concentrations. The potentiating effect of recombinant interleukin-1β on insulin secretion was evident even after discontinued perfusion with the cytokine, suggesting a priming effect on B-cell function. Furthermore, we did not observe any relation between the recombinant interleukin-1β mediated insulin and glucagon release and prostaglandin E2. Electron microscopy of the pancreata perfused with recombinant interleukin-1β revealed significant B cell and to a lesser extent A-cell lysis as well as induction of cell protrusions (“blebs”) in B cells only, accompanied by peripheral degranulation and rearrangement of rough endoplasmatic reticulum. We suggest that in addition to a paracrine effect of locally produced interleukin-1β systemic interleukin-1β may have an endocrine effect on A- and B-cell function and viability. Interleukin-1β should be considered to be a physiological modulator of insulin and glucagon secretion e.g. during the acute phase response, but also as a pathogenetic factor in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586456
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible role of microbial IgG Fc-binding proteins in rheumatoid arthritis (1990)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 29 (1990), S. 88-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract IgG Fc binding substances (receptors) are widespread among pathogenic microorganisms. The receptors fromStaphylococcus aureus, streptococci of group A, C and G as well asHerpes-infected cells bind to the interface between the CH2 and CH3 domains i.e. to His 435, Tyr 436 and possibly also His 433 and/or 310. Most rheumatoid factors (RF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis show a similar binding pattern. Hence, it has been shown that antibodies to microbial IgG Fc receptors (S. aureus and group A streptococci type M15) and RF are idiotypic — anti-idiotypic antibody “partners” i.e. that RF are the “internal images” of microbial IgG Fc binding proteins. Group A streptococci possessing IgG Fc receptors elicit higher titres of RF when injected in rabbits as compared to group A streptococci without IgG Fc receptors. The streptococcal IgG Fc receptors exhibit a diversity of preferences for subclasses of human IgG, some of them showing allotype preferences. Such allotypes are also recognized by certain RF. IgG RF are able to self-associate thereby forming immune complexes which can activate the complement cascade as well as stimulate release of prostaglandins and (probably) interleukin-1. Since these factors have been assigned an important pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis, self-aggregating IgG RF, proposed to be induced by microbial IgG Fc receptors might be an important pathogenic factor in rheumatoid arthritis because rheumatoid arthritis is the only known condition where synthesis of RF takes place in the synovia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964728
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of the binding of human IgM to secretory component present in normal adult colon epithelia, but not in colon cancer and fetal colon epithelia (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 94 (1990), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have analysed the binding of human IgM to fetal, normal adult and malignant colo-rectal tissues. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on sections of frozen tissues human IgM binds to all normal adult colo-rectal epithelia (n=15) tested. By contrast, 9 out of 25 colo-rectal adenocarcinomas were negative, and in the remaining 16 the staining reaction varied from staining of all the cancer areas to focal staining of a few areas. Human IgM did not bind to 14 samples of fetal intestinal epithelium (gestational age of 6–14 weeks). The binding of IgM was found to be mediated by secretory component (SC) as anti-SC antibody (anti-SC) showed a similar staining pattern as IgM and the IgM binding could be blocked by anti-SC. SC was also demonstrated in glandular epithelia of sections of all normal breast epithelia but only in 10 out of 15 breast adenocarcinomas. The loss of IgM binding and SC could not be correlated to the morphology of the adenocarcinomas. The observations on fetal, normal adult and malignant tissue suggest that IgM binding and SC may be gradually lost during dedifferentiation of normal cells, to malignant colo-rectal or breast epithelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266795
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzodiazepine-induced sedation and cortisol suppression (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 106 (1992), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Plasma cortisol ; Suppression ; Oxazepam ; Nitrazepam ; Sedation ; Reaction times
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The sedative and cortisol suppressing properties of oxazepam (45 and 60 mg) and nitrazepam (10 and 15 mg) were examined in eight healthy male subjects. The most clear differences between oxazepam and nitrazepam were those seen with respect to the time course and until maximal effect (Tmax) of the different measurements. Nitrazepam showed maximal sedation after 1 h, maximal benzodiazepine level (RRA), and reaction time prolongation after 2 h, and maximal cortisol suppression after 3 h. Oxazepam showed maximal sedation after 2 h, maximal benzodiazepine levels, reaction time prolongation and cortisol suppression after 3 h. After administration of oxazepam (both doses) a transient return to baseline levels of cortisol was demonstrated. Whereas the degree of sedation correlated significantly within drug groups with the concurrent benzodiazepine levels, the Tmax of sedation was recorded 1 h earlier than the peak blood concentration (RRA) for both nitrazepam and oxazepam. The time course for cortisol suppression for the two compounds differed clearly from the other measurements and was not related to the peak blood concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244823
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Western Blot analysis of immunoglobulin G antibodies to pneumococcal protein antigens in healthy adults (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 10 (1991), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using the Western Blot technique, sera from apparently healthy individuals were shown to contain antibodies against pneumococcal protein antigens of different molecular weights. A remarkable correlation was found to exist between the number of protein bands stained and the level of antibodies to type-specific carbohydrate antigens and C-polysaccharide. The findings suggest that the presence of antibodies against protein antigens reflects past infection with pneumococci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964411
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