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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of temperature of bupivacaine on spread of spinal analgesia (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A prospective, randomised study was performed to investigate the influence of temperature on sensory blockade in spinal anaesthesia. Three ml of plain bupivacaine 0.5% were injected intrathecally at either 4°C, room temperature, or 37°C. There were 10 patients in each group, who were kept sitting for 2 minutes after injection. The maximum level of sensory blockade was significantly higher (p 〈 0.01) in the group who received the solution adjusted to 37°C, and variability of level was smaller (p 〈 0.05). Time to two-segment regression was shorter in the 37°C group than in the 4°C group (p 〈 0.05). Hypotension required administration of ephedrine more often in the 37°C group (p 〈 0.05). It is concluded that the use of plain bupivacaine 0.5% adjusted to 37°C results in a higher and more predictable sensory blockade.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09306.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estrogens, bone loss and preservation (1990)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 1 (1990), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880410
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of transdermal l7β-estradiol and oral conjugated equine estrogens on biochemical parameters of bone resorption in natural menopause (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoporosis ; Menopause ; Estrogen ; Pyridinoline ; Bone resorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects or oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on biochemical markers of bone resorption in early postmenopausal women Design: Controlled, randomized group comparison. Setting: Outpatient clinic for menopausal women and research into osteoporosis. Subjects: Sixty healthy women menopausal for less than 5 years and who had never received any medications interfering with bone metabolism. Interventions: The 60 women were randomly allocated to 3 months therapy with either oral conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg/day) (n = 28) or transdermal estradiol (50 jig/day) (n = 32) in cyclical combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/day). Main outcome measures: Traditional (urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine) and the new specific (urinary pyridinoline/creatinine and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine) markers of bone resorption were determined before and after 3 months of treatment. Results: In both groups, circulating levels of estrone and estradiol were significantly (P 〈 0.001) increased during treatment. In women treated with oral conjugated equine estrogens, urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios were significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced. Pyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 69.1 (4) [mean (SEM)] to 50 (4) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01) and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 10.8 (1) [mean (SEM)] to 8.3 (0.8) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01). In the group treated with transdermal estradiol, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced. Pyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 66.3 (4) [mean (SEM)] to 46.2 (3) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01) and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 11.5 (1.5) [mean (SEM)] to 7.7 (0.6) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01). There were no differences between the evolution of the biochemical variables in the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that oral conjugated equine estrogens and transdermal estradiol, in the given doses, are equally effective in reducing postmenopausal bone resorption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352008
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The diagnostic validity of urinary free pyridinolines to identify women at risk of osteoporosis (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Pyridinoline ; Free pyridinoline ; Deoxypyridinoline ; Urinary excretion ; Pre- and postmenopausal ; Osteoporosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The urinary excretion of pyridinolines either in the free form or linked to different peptide fragments of type I collagen are intensively studied as new biochemical markers of bone resorption. In the present study we compared the urinary excretion of free pyridinoline (F-Pyr) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Collagen CrosslinksTM Kit, Metra Biosystems) to pyridinoline (Pyr), and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in early postmenopausal women treated with either hormone replacement therapy or placebo and in healthy age-matched premenopausal women. Other markers of bone metabolism were included for comparison. Compared with the premenopausal women, the postmenopausal women had significantly increased values of the biochemical parameters. F-Pyr, Pyr, D-Pyr, and T-Pyr (=Pyr+D-Pyr) decreased during hormone therapy. D-Pyr correlated with the rate of bone loss, whereas this was not the case for F-Pyr. The correlations between the markers yielded r values of 0.71 (F-Pyr vs Pyr), 0.67 (F-Pyr vs D-Pyr), and 0.71 (F-Pyr vs T-Pyr). In conclusion, the present study shows that the newly introduced ELISA for determination of the free pyridinolines is less sensitive than pyridinium crosslinks measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in hydrolyzed urine for the changes in calcium metabolism that occur at menopause and during hormone replacement therapy. Whether this limitation will be balanced out by avoiding the inconvenience of the complicated, expensive, and timeconsuming HPLC procedure is still being debated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305523
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of the effect of salmon calcitonin in established osteoporosis by biochemical bone markers (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 8-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Calcitonin ; Follow-up ; Osteoporosis ; Biochemical markers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We reviewed data on 42 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis (forearm fracture or a low bone mass0 who had been randomly treated for 1 year with either rectal salmon calcitonin (sCT), 100 IU daily (n=25) or nasal sCT, 200 IU daily (n=17) applying an estimation algorithm for bone loss rates. Both groups received a daily calcium supplement of 500 mg. A group of 18 age-matched women who received no treatment served as controls. The bone mineral content of the distal forearm (BMCarm) was measured every 3 months by single photon absorptiometry. The individual rates of change during the 1-year period were calculated by linear regression analysis (αBMCarm). Bone loss rates were estimated initially and after 1 year of therapy by measurements of serum alkaline phosphatase, plasma bone Gla protein, and fasting urinary hydroxyproline and calcium (both corrected for creatinine excretion) according to the estimation algorithm. Both administration forms revealed significant control group-corrected decreases in serum and urine markers of bone turnover of 15–40% (P〈0.05–0.01) and positive outcomes of 2% in αBMCarm (P〈0.01). The estimated effect on bone mass was expressed as the difference between the bone loss estimated after 1 year and initially (ΔESTBIO). A significant correlation was seen between αBMCarm and ΔESTBIO (r=0.5, P〈0.0001). We conclude that the effect of sCT on bone can be followed up by biochemical markers for bone turnover, i.e., by an annual blood and fasting urine sample, applying an estimation algorithm for the rate of bone loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310161
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen in serum as a marker of bone resorption: The effect of nandrolone decanoate and hormone replacement therapy (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 30-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in serum has recently been proposed as a new biochemical marker of bone resorption. In the present study we compared serum ICTP with radiopharmaceutical and histomorphometric measurements of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with mild osteoporosis, and assessed the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (2 mg 17β-estradiol plus 1 mg norethisterone daily) and anabolic steroid therapy (50 mg nandrolone decanoate (ND) i.m. every 3 weeks) on serum ICTP in two double-blind placebo-controlled studies with 55 to 75-year-old women. Serum ICTP measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) correlated significantly with the 24-hour whole body retention of 99m-technetium diphosphonate (Rho=0.47, P〈0.001, n=66), but not with histomorphometric measurements of bone turnover in iliac crest biopsies. One year of HRT (n=16) versus placebo (n=15) did not produce significant changes in serum ICTP. Compared with placebo (n=17), 1 year of ND (n=19) produced an increase in serum ICTP of 90±16% (P〈0.0001); 6 months after discontinuation of the treatment, serum ICTP had returned to pretreatment values. We conclude that serum ICTP does reflect bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis, but it is not a sensitive marker of the changes in bone resorption induced by hormone replacement therapy, and it does not correspond with other measures of bone resorption during anabolic steroid therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316286
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Advection-induced oxygen variability in the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 281 (1994), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): frontal zone ; oxygen-depletion ; pycnocline elevation ; advection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Instances of strong oxygen variations are described for two shallow water stations in the Kattegat, situated at the fluctuating frontal zone between outflowing surface water from the Baltic and inflowing bottom water from the Skagerrak/North Sea. The events consist of both a rapid emergence and a rapid disappearance of oxygen-depletion. Changes in oxygen concentration amounted to more than 20 g m−2 d−1 for the total water columns. Such high rates of change can not be explained by net local bottom oxygen consumption (0.6 g m−2 d−1) or net local water oxygen consumption (1.6 g m−2 d−1). The oxygen variations were influenced by the local and regional meteorological conditions. The observed instance of shallow water oxygen-depletion was connected to upward movement of the pycnocline and associated advective transport of oxygen-depleted Kattegat bottom waters to a shallow water area. Similarly, rapid disappearance of the bottom water oxygen deficit in a shallow water area was found to depend more on pycnocline lowering in connection with advective transport, than on the effect of local wind driven mixing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006436
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Guidelines for clinical trials in Osteoporosis (1991)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 1 (1991), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01625451
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Postmenopausal bone loss and the risk of osteoporosis (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. S47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Biochemical markers ; Bone loss ; Future risk ; Present risk ; Techniques of bone mass measurements
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The two most important risk factors for long-term skeletal health are the peak bone mass and the subsequent rate of bone loss. The rate of bone loss after skeletal maturity is determined by both genetic factors and environmental factors. Furthermore, all factors that impair estrogen production will increase bone loss. The present risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures may be assessed by bone mass measurements in the total skeleton, or in local parts of the skeleton such as the spine, hip and forearm, by single-photon/X-ray absorptiometry (SPA or SXA), dual-photon/energy X-ray absorptiometry (DPA or DXA), or quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Furthermore, the rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women may be assessed by means of a number of biochemical markers. The fútúre risk of developing osteoporosis may thus be determined by combining the values for bone mineral content and bone loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623436
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy on the carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Collagen ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Menopause ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis ; Procollagen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated the effect of the menopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the serum concentration of carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a potential new biochemical marker of bone resorption. A group of 44 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45–54 years, had about 19% higher serum ICTP than did a group of 42 healthy premenopausal women aged 35–50 years (3.6±0.8 µg/l v 3.0±0.7 µg/l (mean ±SD);p〈0.01), although there was a large overlap in the values. The 44 postmenopausal women also participated in a longitudinal clinical study, in which 20 received HRT and 24 received a placebo. Compared with the placebo group, those who received HRT had a significant (p〈0.05) decrease in ICTP of about 12% at the end of 1 year of treatment, but again there was considerable overlap in the values. The menopause-and HRT-induced changes in ICTP were less than those seen in serum osteocalcin, serum total alkaline phosphatase, and fasting urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, calcium, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. We conclude that the menopause increases and HRT decreases ICTP, although these changes are less pronounced than those seen in other biochemical markers of bone turnover.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622196
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