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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of mycelial development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using image analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Image analysis ; Glomus spp ; Extraradical mycelium ; Hyphal extraction ; Hyphal lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative and reproducible information concerning the development of the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is lacking due to the difficulties in extracting, identifying and estimating hyphal lengths. In this study, using a rhizobox growth system, the lengths of hyphae of AMF estimated using an image analysis system were not significantly different from data obtained by a trained observer using a modified grid-line intersect method. The assessment of lengths of hyphae on membrane filters or slides was, however, much quicker using image analysis, and allowed the complete sample to be quantified, unlike the grid-line method where a limited number of fields of view are assessed. The image analysis procedure is objective, observer-independent and less laborious than the manual method of assessment. Of the four different methods of sample preparation compared, membrane filter methods were found to be the most appropriate for quantitative sampling from three non-soil substrates. Glomus monosporum (UKC M3) produced twice as much extraradical mycelium and hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root than G. geosporum (BEG 11) on both leek and linseed in a durite sand at final harvest (63 days). Both AMF also produced more hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root on linseed than on leek. The spatial distribution of both AMF, however, was similar in durite sand and no correlation with levels of NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus was noted. In a third experiment, with G. manihotis (UKC INDO-1) colonising a tropical forage legume, Pueraria phaseoloides, in two other growth substrates, a different pattern of development of the extra-radical mycelium was observed. Because of a higher content of particulate matter, which collected on the membrane filters, the extraction technique had to be modified to give optimal performance of the image analysis system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202341
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of mycelial development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using image analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Image analysis ; Glomus spp. ; Extraradical mycelium ; Hyphal extraction ; Hyphal lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative and reproducible information concerning the development of the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is lacking due to the difficulties in extracting, identifying and estimating hyphal lengths. In this study, using a rhizobox growth system, the lengths of hyphae of AMF estimated using an image analysis system were not significantly different from data obtained by a trained observer using a modified grid-line intersect method. The assessment of lengths of hyphae on membrane filters or slides was, however, much quicker using image analysis, and allowed the complete sample to be quantified, unlike the grid-line method where a limited number of fields of view are assessed. The image analysis procedure is objective, observer-independent and less laborious than the manual method of assessment. Of the four different methods of sample preparation compared, membrane filter methods were found to be the most appropriate for quantitative sampling from three non-soil substrates. Glomus monosporum (UKC M3) produced twice as much extraradical mycelium and hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root than G. geosporum (BEG 11) on both leek and linseed in a durite sand at final harvest (63 days). Both AMF also produced more hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root on linseed than on leek. The spatial distribution of both AMF, however, was similar in durite sand and no correlation with levels of NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus was noted. In a third experiment, with G. manihotis (UKC INDO-1) colonising a tropical forage legume, Pueraria phaseoloides, in two other growth substrates, a different pattern of development of the extraradical mycelium was observed. Because of a higher content of particulate matter, which collected on the membrane filters, the extraction technique had to be modified to give optimal performance of the image analysis system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050046
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre- and post-harvest control of mango anthracnose in the Philippines (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two field trials were conducted in the Philippines in successive years to compare the effectiveness of different pre- and post-harvest treatments on the development of anthracnose on mango fruits caused by Colletoirichum gloeosporioides. In one experiment, the pre-harvest application of benomyl (250 mg/l a.i.) significantly reduced the number of conidia sampled in tree canopies compared with control trees (no fungicide) and was associated with a significant reduction in the post-harvest development of anthracnose on fruits. A hot-benomyl dip (850 mg/l a.i. at 52 55 C for 10 min) completely eradicated anthracnose on fruit treated on the day of harvest. In a second experiment, pre-harvest applications of prochloraz (500 mg/l a.i.) either within a pre-planned spray schedule or applied strategically (when 18 h or more continual leaf wetness was recorded by a sensor placed within a tree canopy) gave the best control of anthracnose on fruits. A hot-benomyl dip was again the most effective post-harvest treatment for fruit treated on the day of harvest and on the day after. There was no significant difference, however, between hot-benomyl dips or prochloraz dips (500 mg/l a.i. for 10 min) at ambient temperatures when fruit were treated on the third day after harvest. The implications of these results for the production and treatment of Carabao mangoes in the Philippines are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02422.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of climatic factors on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, causal agent of mango anthracnose, in the Philippines (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The epidemiology of the anthracnose pathogen of mango, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was studied over two growing seasons in the Philippines. This pathogen spreads within tree canopies as water-borne conidia during rainfall, and causes symptoms on young flush leaves, flowers and fruit. Infection studies with leaves and fruit incubated at different temperatures and humidities led to the derivation of a logistic regression model of the percentage of conidia forming appressoria. This model was compared with a similarly derived model from work in Australia; it appeared that the Philippine isolates of C. gloeosporioides were adapted to the higher mean temperatures of the Philippines. Conidia were observed to germinate and form appressoria at relative humidities (RH) between 95 and 100%, even though free surface moisture was only visible at 100% RH. This model was used retrospectively to estimate infection levels in two field trials which had been established to compare pre- and post-harvest practices in the control of the disease. Using this information to plan applications of a curative fungicide might have resulted in four fewer sprays in the first trial and one less in the second, compared with the standard protective spray programme employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02421.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biology and control of Colletotrichum species on tropical fruit crops (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 39 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1990.tb02512.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 13 (1990), S. 227-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.001303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A search for weakly interacting neutral particles in missing energy events in 450 GeV/cpN collisions (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 52 (1991), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the inclusive cross-section as a function of missing energy, due to the production of neutrinos or new weakly interacting neutral particles in 450 GeV/c proton-nucleus collisions, using calorimetric measurements of visible event energy. Upper limits are placed on the production of new particles as a function of their energy. These upper limits are typically an order
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01560439
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kaon interferometry in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 64 (1994), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract K+K+ and K−K− correlations from S+Pb collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon and K+K+ correlations from p+Pb collisions at 450 GeV/c per nucleon, are presented as measured by the focusing spectrometer of the NA44 experiment at CERN. Multidimensional fits are performed in order to characterize the kaon-emission volume, which is found to be smaller than the pion-emission volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01557392
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth responses of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal tropical forage species to different levels of soil phosphate (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Glomus manihotis ; phosphate ; Rhizobium ; sterile oxisol ; tropical forage plants ; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three tropical forage legumes, Stylosanthes capitata, Pueraria phaseoloides and Centrosema macrocarpum, and one grass, Brachiaria dictyoneura, were grown in a sterile phosphate deficient soil amended with soluble or rock phosphate at rates ranging from 0 to 400 mg kg-1 soil. The effects of inoculation with Glomus manihotis on mycorrhizal infection and plant growth were assessed. Early growth and nodulation of P. phaseoloides in soil with and without rock phosphate fertilizer were also determined. In the legumes, mycorrhizal infection was high at all P levels and sources, except for a significant decrease of infection in S. capitata at high levels of superphosphate. Plant growth was significantly increased by phosphate fertilizer and mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhizal responses were more pronounced at low P levels with both P sources. In B. dictyoneura mycorrhizal infection was decreased with increasing additions of P. No effects of mycorrhizal inoculation (except with no added P) were observed. Growth and nodulation of P. phaseoloides were greatly stimulated by mycorrhizal inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010406
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The screening and selection of inoculant arbuscular-mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 159 (1994), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi ; ectomycorrhizal fungi ; isolation ; screening ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The initiation of a programme of screening and selection of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM fungi) for use as inoculant fungi in agriculture, horticulture of forestry will depend on whether inoculation is more appropriate as a management option than manipulation of the indigenous mycorrhizal populations. The greatest immediate potential for the successful use of mycorrhizal inoculants will be in soils and growth media where phosphorus (P) limits plant growth and where the indigenous mycorrhizal fungi are either ineffective at increasing P uptake by the plant or their numbers have been drastically reduced by human influence or natural disturbance. In recent investigations, however, additional benefits to the plant following colonization of roots by effective AM or ECM fungi have been demonstrated. These additional benefits of an effective mycorrhizal association have necessitated a re-evaluation of the optimum screening procedures for isolates of AM and ECM fungi. Both current methodologies and suggestions for alternative approaches to the screening of AM and ECM fungi are discussed in this paper. The problems inherent in choosing suitable experimental conditions to compare different isolates at the screening stage are also addressed. The review also stresses the importance of continued monitoring of introduced mycorrhizal fungi to learn more about their longer-term ecological role, particularly within reforestation or revegetation studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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