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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1815-1817 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A cryogenic refrigeration scheme is presented which utilizes the discrete energy levels of quantum dots to customize the electronic Fermi–Dirac distribution, cooling a small but macroscopic reservoir to far below the ambient temperature. Several physical limitations of this scheme are discussed within the context of a model device constructed from a two-dimensional electron gas. These are explored in a simple example where, at an ambient operating temperature of 150 mK, this quantum-dot refrigerator can achieve a cooling power of 1 μW/cm2, a base temperature of 10 mK, and a cooling efficiency of 35%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Force constant calculations ; n-alkanes ; mono-halo and di-halo alkanes ; urea inclusion compounds ; LAM-1 modes ; accordion vibrational modes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Force constants were determined for the C8, C10, C12 and C14 series ofn-alkanes C n H2n + 2 using an approximate SVFF calculation and observed LAM = 1 wave numbers. In this calculation the hydrogen atoms were neglected and only the carbon backbone chain and terminal atoms were considered; this was valid since only low-frequency vibrations were under consideration. Using force constant transfer, the wavenumbers of the LAM = 1 accordion modes for the analogous α-Cn H2n + 1 X and α,ω-Cn H2nX2 species, where X = C1, Br or I were calculated. For α-chloroalkanes and α,ω-dichloroalkanes, them = 1 accordion modes are calculated to be in the 220–130 cm−1 and 200–120 cm−1 regions, respectively. For the bromo- and iodo-analogues them = 1 accordion modes are calculated to be in the 200–100 cm−1, 150–90 cm−1 and in the 170–100, 135–80 cm−1 regions, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1994), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Milbemycin ; Fructose ; Starch ; Carbon:nitrogen ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Milbemycin production byStreptomyces hygroscopicus RB4569D was examined in media containing different carbohydrates. Total milbemycin titer could be increased by substitution of fructose for glucose and by selection of the appropriate starch type. Total titer could be further enhanced by increasing the concentration of fructose and/or starch in the medium. Rates of carbohydrate utilization were shown to be independent of their initial concentration and increased titers in high carbohydrate media were shown to be due to a prolonged production phase rather than an increased accretion rate. The pattern of individual milbemycin components was governed by the carbon:nitrogen ratio of the medium rather than carbohydrate concentration and there was a critical C:N ratio below which no milbemycin was produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21 (1990), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Pressure-broadening coefficients, σp, have been determined for self-broadening of pure rotational Raman lines of carbon monoxide and for pure rotational Raman lines of hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide and nitrogen perturbed by hydrogen chloride at 293 K. The results are discussed and compared with calculated and experimental σp values in the literature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 22 (1991), S. 467-471 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The self-broadening of the Q-branch vibration-rotational lines in the CARS spectrum of HCl was studied over the pressure range 0.002-1.000 bar and the temperature range 298-1048 K. The broadening coefficients, σp, are dependent on J at 298 and 550 K but are independent of J at higher temperatures; the σp value of 1048 K is only about 25% of its value for Jmax at 298 K.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 545-550 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The quantitative determination of crystallinites of polyethylene samples from the analysis of vibrational bands due to δ(CH2) twisting and v(CC) stretching in the Raman spectra between 950 and 1500 cm-1 was assessed. Several methods based on manual resolution of band envelopes and on computer-derived information using Gaussian and Lorentzian profiles were compared. The major source of error was found to be the estimation of the amorphous and crystalline interphase content, αb. A new method for the determination of sample crystallinity is proposed based on the time-dependent Fourier transform deconvolution of the spectral region between 950 and 1500 cm-1, which takes into account the baseline corrections and the influence of vibrational band shoulders in this region to obtain consistent values of αa, αb and αc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 25 (1994), S. 95-98 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Fourier transform Raman spectra of human keratotic biopolymers were obtained. The spectra from skin stratum corneum, callus, nail and hair were fluorescence free and the samples did not degrade during analysis. Assignments consistent with the vibrational wavenumbers were made to characterize the molecular and conformational nature of the samples. The principal structural dissimilarities were in the sulphur content of tissues containing hard keratin (hair and nail) and soft keratin (stratum corneum and callus).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 475-483 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The application of Raman spectroscopy to polymers and polymerization processes is surveyed and the advent of recent advances in instrumental techniques to polymer analysis is highlighted. Some of the problems of the more widely-used infrared spectroscopic methods, for example in microstructural analysis of polydienes and copolymers, are discussed and the advantages of the Raman spectroscopic technique are explained. The use of near-infrared excitation and Fourier-transform Raman instrumentation for process monitoring and polymer composite studies is discussed. Raman microscopic and waveguide spectroscopic studies of small samples and polymer coatings on substrates are considered. Other applications are mentioned in the areas of polymer orientation, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, conducting polymers, biopolymers and time-resolved studies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 22 (1991), S. 607-611 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The pressure-broadening coefficients for the self-broadened S0(0), S0(1) and S0(2) pure rotational Raman lines of hydrogen and the S0(0) to S0(4) lines of deuterium were determined experimentally over the pressure range 1-100 bar and the temperature range 90-375 K. Broadening coefficients were also determined for the same lines in hydrogen and deuterium perturbed by helium, argon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride over the pressure range 2-100 bar, with a partial pressure of the host gas of 1 bar and a temperature of 293 K. In addition, the S0(0) pure rotational line of deuterium broadened by carbon monoxide and nitrogen was studied over the same pressure range and a temperature range of 100-293 K. The results are discussed and compared with those of previous studies in the literature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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