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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): studies in alcohol preferring and non-preferring rats (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 106 (1992), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alcohol-preferring rats ; Electroencephalogram (EEG) ; Spectral analysis ; Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) ; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) as well as CRF concentrations in several brain regions were measured in two lines of rats which have been genetically selected for alcohol preferring (P) or non-preferring (NP) behaviors. Fifteen rats were implanted with chronic electrodes and EEG spectra were evaluated following intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of CRF (0.15 nmol) or saline. P rats demonstrated a significantly increased EEG response to CRF in the theta frequency range (ANOVA: PREF × DRUG 4–6 Hz,P〈0.03; 6–8 Hz,P〈0.05) in frontal cortex. A significantly lower concentration of CRF was found in the P rats in hypothalamus (P〈0.02), amygdala (P〈0.003), prefrontal cortex (P〈0.01), and cingulate cortex (P〈0.02). The finding that P rats had an increased response to exogenously administered CRF, taken together with decreased CRF concentrations, suggests that CRF receptors may be up-regulated in these animals. Differences in the regulation of CRF neurons may contribute to the expression of behavioral preference for ethanol consumption in these rat lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245418
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oral ethanol self-administration on the EEG of alcohol preferring and -nonpreferring rats (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 113 (1993), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats ; EEG spectral analysis ; Ethanol self-administration ; P and NP rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract EEG measures have been shown to differ in human subjects who are at genetically increased risk for the development of alcoholism. In the present study, EEG was recorded in rats that were selectively bred for alcohol-preferring (P) and nonpreferring (NP) behaviors during an ethanol self-administration paradigm. In this paradigm, rats initially learned to press a lever for a 0.2% saccharin solution. Ethanol was then added to the saccharin solution in increasing concentrations while saccharin was faded progressively. EEG recordings were analyzed under three different conditions: baseline, 0.2% saccharin and 10% ethanol. Statistical analyses were carried out within each group of rats for three 10-min intervals in each condition. NP rats showed increases in EEG power in the 6–32 Hz frequency ranges 20–30 min following ethanol availability. In contrast, no significant EEG effects were found for P rats in the 10% ethanol condition with respect to time. EEG power in the three time periods (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 min) was also compared between conditions (baseline, saccharin, 10% ethanol). For NP rats, a significant increase in EEG power during the 20–30 min time interval was found in the 10% ethanol session for the 16–32 Hz frequency range as compared to baseline and saccharin. In P rats, a significant increase in the power of the EEG was found during the first 10 min in the 10% ethanol session in the 8–16 Hz frequency range as compared to baseline and saccharin. The two rat lines also differed in their behavioral responses to the self-administration paradigm. In the ethanol condition, P rats appeared behaviorally aroused during the first 10 min of recording as compared to baseline and saccharin, whereas the NP rats were behaviorally quiescent during the 20–30 min period following ethanol availability. These experiments demonstrate that P and NP rats exhibit different electrophysiological and behavioral responses during exposure to ethanol self-administration paradigms. P rats appeared to be activated initially by ethanol availability whereas NP rats eventually reduced their behavioral activity. These findings may help to further characterize the brain substrates responsible for the difference in alcohol preference between the two rat lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244335
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EEG and ERP response to chronic ethanol exposure in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; EEG ; Spectral analysis ; ERP ; Alcoholism ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic ethanol exposure has been described in humans to produce a series of long and short term electrophysiological consequences. Interpretation of the electrophysiological findings in human subjects, however, is made difficult due to concomitant factors, such as nutritional status, premorbid functioning and differences in genetic susceptibility to the effects of ethanol. In the present study, electroencephalograms (EEGs) and auditory event related potentials (ERPs) were utilized to explore the short and longer term effects of chronic ethanol exposure in rats. Rats were continuously exposed to ethanol vapors for a period for 1 month. This treatment produced a mean blood ethanol level of 178 ± 13.86 mg%. EEGs and ERPs were subsequently collected at 10 min, 24 h, and 2 weeks following termination of ethanol exposure. Significant changes in the EEGs and ERPs of these rats could be demonstrated. EEG amplitude increases, as quantified by spectral analysis, were most prominent at the 24h time period, perhaps reflecting a state of “rebound excitability”. EEG responses were normalized in ethanol-treated rats by 2 weeks post-withdrawal. In contrast, reductions in the N1 and P2 amplitudes of the rat ERPs were prominent after chronic ethanol exposure and following 2 weeks withdrawal, suggesting that ethanol may produce some longer term effects on response to ERP stimuli. Taken together, these studies suggest that ethanol may produce differential effects on EEG and ERPs and that this model may provide a useful substrate for the evaluation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of chronic ethanol exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244556
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long latency event related potentials in rats: The effects of changes in stimulus parameters and neurochemical lesions (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 88 (1992), S. 61-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Event-related potentials ; hippocampus ; cortex ; P300 ; norepinephrine ; selective attention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Animal models of event related potentials (ERPs) have recently been developed in order to gain further understanding of the psychobiological variables which may underlie these brain potentials. In the present study, unanaesthetized rats were utilized in order to evaluate the effects on rat ERP morphology of changes in the auditory stimulus parameters used to elicit these potentials such as tone probability and intensity. In addition, the consequences of reductions in norepinephrine (NE) produced by six-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to the area of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle in ERP wave forms were evaluated. Forty, experimentally naive, male rats chronically implanted with electrodes were used in this study. The results of these studies showed that in all electrode sites (frontal cortex, ventral thalamus, dorsal hippocampus, locus coeruleus) a series of large amplitude potentials in the 10–200 msec latency range could be recorded, some of which were sensitive to changes in the auditory stimulus parameters such as probability and tone intensity. Late positive potentials in the 300–400 msec range could be identified in recordings from the dorsal hippocampus and were found to be sensitive to probability independent of tone intensity. Dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions were also found to produce significant changes in these rat ERP components. Lesioned animals were found to have increases in amplitude to the early negative potentials (in the 50–100 msec range) in response to frequent tones in cortical leads and decreases in the amplitude of the late positive potentials (in the 300–400 msec range) recorded in hippocampal leads in response to infrequent tones. These findings are consistent with a role for NE in the forebrain in the processing of novel or “selective” stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245037
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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