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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Nanogram Levels of Peptide Drug in Rabbit and Human Plasma Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 66 (1994), S. 2356-2361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00086a022
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual presentation of a congenital benign apocrine hamartoma (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of an unusual benign apocrine hamartoma was studied by light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic methods. This tumor clinically showed a linear configuration and was located on the midline chest of a pubescent male. Microscopic studies revealed features of both a tubular apocrine adenoma and a syringocystadenoma papilliferum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1990.tb01678.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retraction (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 61 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13663.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How does a mistletoe affect the water, nitrogen and carbon balance of two mangrove ecosystem species? (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of a mistletoe, Phthirusa maritima, on the water, nitrogen and carbon balance of two mangrove host species, Conocarpus erectus and Coccoloba uvifera, was studied. Several daily cycles of water potential and its components (pressure-volume curves); leaf nitrogen content (Kjeldahl method); leaf conductance, transpiration rates and carbon assimilation (portable gas exchange system) were measured on mistletoe, infested and uninfested plants in the Caribbean coast of Venezuela. The mistletoe on both host species showed higher transpiration rates and lower CO2 assimilation rates, and therefore lower water use efficiencies. With respect to infested and uninfested plants, C. erectus did not show large differences in the parameters measured with the exception of assimilation rates which were significantly lower in the infested plants. On the other hand, C. uvifera did show differences in all parameters and, therefore, was affected to a greater degree by the mistletoe. The behaviour of mistletoeinfested and uninfested plants, with respect to habitats with different degrees of water stress and with respect to the salinity gradient in which these mangroves grow, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01984.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulic architecture of sugarcane in relation to patterns of water use during plant development (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hydraulic conductance was measured on leaf and stem segments excised from sugarcane plants at different stages of development. Maximum transpiration rates and leaf water potential (ΨL) associated with maximum transpiration were also measured in intact plants as a function of plant size. Leaf specific hydraulic conductivity (Lsc) and transpiration on a unit leaf area basis (E) were maximal in plants with approximately 0.2 m2 leaf area and decreased with increasing plant size. These changes in Fand Lsc were nearly parallel, which prevented φL in larger plants from decreasing to levels associated with substantial loss in xylem conductivity caused by embolism formation. Coordination of changes in E and leaf hydraulic properties was not mediated by declining leaf water status, since φL increased with plant size. Hydraulic constrictions were present at nodes and in the node-leaf sheath-leaf blade pathway. This pattern of constrictions is in accord with the idea of plant segmentation into regions differing in water transport efficiency and would tend to confine embolisms to the relatively expendable leaves at terminal positions in the pathway, thereby preserving water transport through the stem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00998.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing tolerance and avoidance in high-elevation Hawaiian plants (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Freezing resistance mechanisms were studied in five endemic Hawaiian species growing at high elevations on Haleakala volcano, Hawaii, where nocturnal subzero (°C) air temperatures frequently occur. Extracellular freezing occurred at around -5°C in leaves of Argyroxiphium sandwicense and Sophora chrysophylla, but these leaves can tolerate extracellular ice accumulation to -15°C and -12°C, respectively. Mucilage, which apparently acted as an ice nucleator, comprised 9 to 11% of the dry weight of leaf tissue in these two species. Leaves of Vaccinium reticulatum and Styphelia tameiameiae were also found to tolerate substantial extracellular freezing. Dubautia menziesii, on the other hand, exhibited the characteristics of permanent supercooling; a very rapid decline in liquid water content associated with simultaneous intracellular and extracellular freezing. However, in those species that tolerate extracellular freezing, the decline in liquid water content during freezing is relatively slow. Osmotic potential was lower at pre-dawn than at midday in four of the species studied. Nocturnal production of osmotically active solutes may have helped to prevent intracellular freeze dehydration as well as to provide non-colligative protection of cell membranes. Styphelia tameiameiae supercooled to -9·3°C and tolerated tissue freezing to below -15°C, a unique combination of physiological characteristics related to freezing. Tolerance of extracellular ice formation after considerable supercooling may have resulted from low tissue water content and a high degree of intracellular water binding in this species, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The climate at high elevations in Hawaii is relatively unpredictable in terms of the duration of subzero temperatures and the lowest subzero temperature reached during the night. It appears that plants growing in this tropical alpine habitat have been under selective pressures for the evolution of freezing tolerance mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02026.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal and environmental control of transpiration in a lowland tropical forest tree (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stomatal control of crown transpiration was studied in Anacardium excelsum, a large-leaved, emergent canopy species common in the moist forests of Central and northern South America. A construction crane equipped with a gondola was used to gain access to the uppermost level in the crown of a 35-m-tall individual. Stomatal conductance at the single leaf scale, and transpiration and total vapour phase conductance (stomatal and boundary layer) at the branch scale were measured simultaneously using the independent techniques of porometry and stem heat balance, respectively. This permitted the sensitivity of transpiration to a marginal change in stomatal conductance to be evaluated using a dimensionless coupling coefficient (1-ω) ranging from zero to 1, with 1 representing maximal stomatal control of transpiration. Average stomatal conductance varied from 0.09 mol m−2 s−1 during the dry season to 0.3 mol m−2 s−1 during the wet season. Since boundary layer conductance was relatively low (0.4 mol m−2 s−1), 1-ω ranged from 0.46 during the dry season to only 0.25 during the wet season. A pronounced stomatal response to humidity was observed, which strongly limited transpiration as evaporative demand increased. The stomatal response to humidity was apparent only when the leaf surface was used as the reference point for measurement of external vapour pressure. Average transpiration was predicted to be nearly the same during the dry and wet seasons despite a 1 kPa difference in the prevailing leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference. The patterns of stomatal behaviour and transpiration observed were consistent with recent proposals that stomatal responses to humidity are based on sensing the transpiration rate itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00889.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bursin Localization in Mammalian Bone Marrow and Epithelial Cells of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bursin is a tripeptide (lysyl-histidyl-glycyl-amide) found in follicular and dendritic reticular epithelial cells of the avian bursa of Fabricius that selectively induces the differentiation of committed B-lymphocyte precursor cells but not of committed T-lymphocyte precursor cells. We now show, in immunoassays with tissue extracts, that bursin is also present in avian and bovine bone marrow. There was, however, a categorical difference between avian liver (bursin-negative) and bovine liver (bursin-positive). Bursin was therefore isolated from bovine liver and bone marrow and the structure of mammalian bursin was determined; it was identical to avian bursin. Immunohistochemical examination of bovine liver showed the presence of bursin within epithelial cells of the intrahepatic bile ducts. These cells have previously been suspected of having an endocrine function because of the rich periductal capillary plexus, which coalesces to form a portal system draining into the liver sinusoids. These findings suggest that bone marrow is a site of bursin production and associated B-cell differentiation in both birds and mammals. The bursincontaining cells of the intrahepatic bile ducts are not associated with developing B cells and it would appear that mammals have evolved a local hepatic function for bursin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02760.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xylem water transport: is the available evidence consistent with the cohesion theory? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Since its introduction in the late 19th century, the so-called cohesion theory has become widely accepted as explaining the mechanism of the ascent of sap. According to the cohesion theory, the minimum standing vertical xylem tension gradient should be 0·01 MPa m−1. When transpiration is occurring, frictional resistances are expected to make this gradient considerably steeper. The results of numerous pressure chamber measurements reported in the literature are generally regarded as corroborating the cohesion theory. Nevertheless, several reports of pressure chamber measurements in tall trees appear to be incompatible with predictions of the cohesion theory. Furthermore, the pressure chamber is an indirect method for inferring xylem pressure, which, until recently, has not been validated by comparison against a direct method. The xylem pressure probe provides a means of testing the validity of the pressure chamber and other indirect techniques for estimating xylem pressure. We discuss here the results of concurrent measurements made with the pressure chamber and the xylem pressure probe, particularly recent measurements made at the top of a tall tropical tree during the rainy season. These measurements indicate that the pressure chamber often substantially overestimates the tension previously existing in the xylem, especially in the partially dehydrated tissue of droughted plants. We also discuss other evidence obtained from classical and recent approaches for studying water transport. We conclude that the available evidence derived from a wide range of independent approaches warrants a critical reappraisal of tension-driven water transport as the exclusive mechanism of long-distance water transport in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02015.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis by inflated pods of a desert shrub, Isomeris arborea (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 85 (1991), S. 396-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Isomeris arborea ; Fruit photosynthesis ; Recycling of internally supplied CO2 ; Carbon balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The photosynthetic capacity and carbon metabolism of the fruits of Isomeris arborea (Capparidaceae), an evergreen shrub endemic to the desert and coastal habitats of Southern California and Baja California, are described. The inflated structure of the pods of I. arborea provides a model system for experimental studies of fruit photosynthesis in native plants since the gas concentration of the internal space can be manipulated and monitored separately from the external pod environment. CO2 released by seed respiration is partially contained in the inner gas space of the pods, resulting in an elevated CO2 environment inside the fruit (500 to 4000 μmol mol−1 depending on the stage of fruit development). A portion of this CO2 is assimilated by the inner layers of the pericarp, but a larger fraction leaks out. The photosynthetic layers of the pericarp use two different sources of CO2: the exocarp fixes exogenous CO2 while the endocarp fixes CO2 released by seed respiration into the pod cavity. Even though the total weight of the fruit increases during development, the combined rates of fixation of externally and internally supplied CO2 remained constant (10–11 μmol CO2 pod−1 h−1). After the pods attain maximum volume, the major change in gas exchange that takes place during fruit growth is a gradual increase in the amount of respiratory CO2 released by the seeds. This shifts the CO2 balance of the fruit from positive, in young fruits, to negative in mature fruits. Pericarp photosynthesis helped support not only the cost of fruit maintenance, but also the cost of fruit growth, particularly during the first stages of fruit development. During later fruiting stages insufficient carbon is fixed to fully supply either respiration or growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320616
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