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  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injuries From Traffic Crashes: Meeting the Challenge (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Public Health 14 (1993), S. 515-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.14.050193.002503
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of plasma working fluids for compression by liner implosions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3769-3776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Research on the formation of a hot hydrogen working fluid, which may be used in multiple concentric solid-density liner implosions, is reported. In such implosions, an axisymmetric outer liner is driven by a multi-megamp axial discharge, and a coaxial inner liner is driven by a working fluid contained between the liners. The fluid is shocklessly compressed to high pressure as the outer liner implodes around it. In the work reported here a 10 to 100 Torr pressure, hydrogen filled coaxial gun discharge was used to inject plasma into a diagnostic chamber simulating an interliner volume. Spectroscopically determined electron densities of between 1017 and 1018 cm−3 and electron temperatures in the 0.5–2.0 eV range were obtained with a fair degree of reproducibility and symmetry. Two-dimensional, time-dependent magnetohydrodyna- mic computer simulations of the working fluid formation experiment have been performed, and the computations suggest that the present experiment achieves electron number densities and temperatures at the lower extreme of these limits, and neutral densities ∼ 0.3–1.0 ×1019 cm−3. The simulations further suggest that the upper range, and beyond, can be achieved in a more energetic version of the present experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356051
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of high-energy x-radiation using a plasma flow switch (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1999-2007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experiments with coaxial plasma guns at currents in excess of ten megamperes have resulted in the production of high-voltage pulses (0.5 MV) and hard x radiation (10–200 keV). The x-radiation pulse occurs substantially after the high-voltage pulse suggesting that high-energy electrons are generated by dynamic processes in a very high speed ((approximately-greater-than)106 m/s), magnetized plasma flow. Such flows, which result from acceleration of relatively low-density plasma (10−4 vs 1.0 kg/m3) by magnetic fields of 20–30 T, support high voltages by the back electromotive force-u×B during the opening switch phase of the plasma flow switch. A simple model of classical ion slowing down and subsequent heating of background electrons can explain spectral evidence of 30-keV electron temperatures in fully stripped aluminum plasma formed from plasma flows of 1–2 × 106 m/s. Similar modeling and spectral evidence indicates tungsten ion kinetic energies of 4.5 MeV and 46 keV electron temperatures of a highly stripped tungsten plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348773
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time resolved mass flow measurements for a fast gas delivery system (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1740-1743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A technique is demonstrated whereby the delivered mass and flow rate versus time of a short rise-time gas delivery system may be accurately determined. The gas mass M that flows past a point in a gas delivery system by an arbitrary time t=tp may be accurately measured if that point is sealed off with a fast closing valve within a time interval short compared to the mass flow time scale. If the injected mass is allowed to equilibrate in a known volume after being cut off from its source, a conventional static pressure measurement before and after injection, and application of the ideal gas law suffices. Repeating for many different values of tp, and assuming reproducibility, the injected mass time history M(t) characteristic of the system without the fast closing valve may be determined. The flow rate versus time dM(t)/dt may then be determined by numerical differentiation. Mass flow measurements are presented for a fast delivery system for which the flow of argon through a 3.2-mm-i.d., 0.76-mm-thick copper tube is isolated by imploding (θ pinching) the tube using a single turn tungsten magnetic-field coil. Optical measurements of the tube's internal area versus time indicate that the tube is sealed in 7 μs. Results are correlated with piezoelectric probe measurements of the gas flow and 2D axisymmetric numerical simulations of the θ pinch process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144002
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  • 5
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    Allocating resources among AIDS research strategies (1990)
    Amsterdam, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Policy sciences. 23:1 (1990) 1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-2687
    Topics: Political Science
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:t113-1990-023-01-000001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allocating resources among AIDS research strategies (1990)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 23 (1990), S. 1-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract One of the central questions facing policy-makers is how to allocate limited federal funds among alternative AIDS research strategies. A rational answer requires judgments about both the prospects of scientific progress and the societal value of research outcomes. Using a decision-analytic approach, this paper examines the marginal returns from additional funding of basic biology, epidemiology and mathematical modeling, vaccine development and testing, treatment development and testing, and behavioral and social science. A survey of a recent Institute of Medicine Committee on AIDS was conducted to elicit scientific judgments on the prospects for scientific progress in each of the five areas. The scientists were quite capable of transcending their disciplinary orientation as reflected in the dominant sentiment in favor of more behavioral and social science research. A comparison of the actual FY 1987 AIDS research budget with the budgets recommended by the scientific experts also suggests that basic biological research deserves greater emphasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136990
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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