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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New observations on midline defects: Coincidence of anophthalmos, microphthalmos and cryptophthalmos with hypothalamic disorders (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Midline defects ; Anophthalmos ; Microphthalmos ; Cryptophtalmos ; Hypothalamic defects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four children with severe congenital eye anomalies are described of which three had related symptoms. Two had bilateral anophthalmia, the optic nerves not detectable by computed cranial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the third child had bilateral microphthalmia and coloboma iridis. The fourth patient had bilateral cryptophthalmia as part of Fraser syndrome. All four patients were of small stature. In three of them growth hormone deficiency was demonstrated which was of hypothalamic origin as shown by growth hormone releasing hormone tests. In the fourth child hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and tertiary thyroid deficiency were diagnosed which responded well to thyroxine treatment. Pathogenetically the described disorders are due to congenital defects of midline structures as a common “developmental field”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01955522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory effects and tolerability of Mr 2264 Cl (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Respiratory depression ; Opiates ; Mr 2264 Cl ; ventilation ; morphine ; analgesics ; tolerability ; adverse events
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study the respiratory effects of Mr 2264 Cl2 × 5 mg IV, a new partial opiate receptor agonist, were investigated and compared with the respiratory effects of morphine 2 × 10 mg IV and placebo. As primary end-points, the slope of the rebreathing curve (dV'/dPCO2ET) and V55 (ventilation at PCO2ET=55 mm Hg) were determined by Read's rebreathing method. The incidence of adverse events was also documented and compared. The respiratory depression after the intravenous administration of 5 mg and 10 mg Mr 2264 Cl was comparable to the decreased sensitivity of the respiratory centre after the 20 mg morphine IV. In contrast to morphine, a ceiling effect of Mr 2264 Cl was found. The tolerability of Mr 2264 Cl was comparable to that of morphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194395
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indoor factors and IgE levels in children (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of the study was to determine indoor characteristics of households in relation to total serum IgE. In a population-based cross-sectional study, 1096 6–12-year-old children were examined in three East German towns (Eisleben, Hettstedt, and Zerbst). Of the questionnaires, 772 (70.4%) were returned by the parents. Serum IgE of 703 children and urinary cotinine in a random subsample of 224 children were analyzed. Linear regression on log(IgE) adjusted for the main covariates was used to assess indoor risk factors such as room size, and the presence of curtains, carpet, and plants in the child's room. Open-heating facilities indoors, passive smoking, and furniture made of chipboard had the most important effect. A higher urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio was associated with higher total IgE level. Total IgE increased also with the number of persons living in the household, independently of indoor smoking. We conclude that indoor air pollution from smoking and open-heating facilities may increase the IgE levels of children. The role of other factors such as chipboard, which could reflect the emission of formaldehyde, or the number of persons per household, which could reflect viral or helminthic infection, remains to be analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02100.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sonographic, manometric, and myographic evaluation of the anal sphincters morphology and function (1993)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 1037-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anorectal manometry ; Transcutaneous electromyography ; Anal sonography ; Defecation disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: A direct comparison of anal sphincter physiology (muscle performance and anatomy-muscle thickness) has not yet been undertaken but may be of importance in patients with defecation disorders. METHODS: We evaluated 15 healthy volunteers by means of anorectal manometry to determine pressure functions of the internal and external anal sphincter. Transcutaneous electromyography was recorded to assess the electrical activity of the external anal sphincter. Thickness of the anal sphincter muscles was measured sonographically from within the anal canal with dorsal projection using a 7.5-MHz 360° rectal panorama scanner. RESULTS: It was shown that neither is the muscle thickness of the external anal sphincter during rest (6.26±1.02 mm) or during squeezing (7.40±1.39 mm) correlated to its squeeze pressure (138.8±15.2 mmHg), nor is the diameter of the internal anal sphincter (2.09±0.58 mm) correlated to its resting pressure (61.1±15.2 mmHg). Finally, the thicker the internal anal sphincter muscle, the lower the electrical activity of the external anal sphincter during squeezing (r=0.74,P 〈0.001). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that both manometry to assess sphincter function and sonography to determine sphincter morphology are important measures in the evaluation of continence function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047296
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term efficacy of biofeedback training for fecal incontinence (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 997-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Fecal incontinence ; Biofeedback training ; long-term efficacy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Biofeedback therapy in fecal incontinence has been reported to improve continence in more than 70 percent of patients, but most studies have followed patients for less than two years. METHODS: Patients treated by biofeedback training between 1985 and 1986 were given a questionnaire in 1991, as were incontinent patients who had not entered this treatment program. All were asked for the occurrence, frequency, and severity of incontinence events in the past two weeks. Anamnestic and anorectal manometry data from the initial visit were also compared. RESULTS: Eighteen of 24 treated patients and 40 of 71 untreated patients responded. Of those treated by biofeed-back, 78 percent reported episodes of fecal incontinence as compared with 77.5 percent of those not treated by biofeedback. Severity of incontinence, however, was significantly less (P 〈0.02) in the treatment group (mean number of events, 0.2/day) than in those without treatment (1/day). In biofeedback-treated patients, it was identical with the frequency and severity reported immediately after therapy. No differences were found with respect to initial clinical data and anorectal manometry between both groups. CONCLUSION: Biofeedback training improves continence in patients not only during treatment and within the first two years but also for several years after therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-assisted laser desorption using a fast-atom bombardment ion source and a magnetic mass spectrometer (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 298-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A conventional fast-atom bombardment (FAB) ion source was used to achieve matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) in a high-mass, double-focusing, magnetic mass spectrometer. The pulsed ion signals generated by irradiation of a mixture of sample and matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) with either a XeF excimer Laser (353 nm) or a nitrogen laser (337 nm) were recorded with a focal-plane detector. A resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 4500 was achieved at m/z 1347.7 (the peptide substance P), 2500 for CsI cluster ions at m/z 10005.7, and 1250 for the isotope cluster of the small protein cytochrome c (horse) [M+H]+=m/z 12360 (average). Sensitivity is demonstrated with 11 fmol of substance P. A survey scan is taken to prodluce a better signal-to-noise ratio. In addition to higher sensitivity and lower matrix interference, lthe advantage of MALD over FAB is the former's lower susceptibility to the presence of salts, and competition between hydrophobic and bydrophilic components of a mixture. This feature is demonstrated by the complete MALD spectrum of a crude partial tryptic digest of spedrm-whale apomyoglobin, containing 24 peptides, representing the entire sequence of this protein.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060415
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A poisson equation formulation for pressure calculations in penalty finite element models for viscous incompressible flows (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 349-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The calculation of pressures when the penalty function approximation is used in finite element solutions of laminar incompressible flows is addressed. A Poisson equation for the pressure is formulated that involves third derivatives of the velocity field. The second derivatives appearing in the weak formulation of the Poisson equation are calculated from the C0 velocity approximation using a least squares method. The present scheme is shown to be efficient, free of spurious oscillations, and accurate. Examples of applications are given and compared with results obtained using mixed formulations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620300209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physically correct penalty-like formulations for accurate pressure calculation in finite element algorithms of the Navier-Stokes equations (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 3883-3902 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element algorithms for incompressible fluids, in particular the penalty function method, are re-examined and re-formulated based on physically consistent approximations to the mass conservation equation. These approximations lead to methods that satisfy all fluid conditions under the assumption of slightly compressible flow and directly yield approximations to the pressure field that are free from spurious oscillations. Penalty function-type algorithms are developed for direct steady-state calculations and for time-dependent simulations of viscous incompressible flows that are based on the bilinear isoparametric quadrilateral element and circumvent the Ladyszhenskaya, Babuska and Brezzi (LBB) condition. Further-more, methods that eliminate pressure oscillations in the low Mach number region of high-speed compressible flows are obtained. These methods are tested in examples that show their superior performance in approximating the pressure field.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620362208
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