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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide-Y Stimulates Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Fetal and Adult Sheep (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are the primary neuropeptides regulating the secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland during fetal and adult life. However, a number of other neuropeptides including neuropeptide-Y (NPY) appear to modulate the activity of this system. The potential role of NPY in the regulation of pituitary-adrenal function was examined in fetal and adult sheep. Administration of NPY (6.5 μg) as a bolus injection into the third cerebral ventricle of adult ewes elicited a significant (P〈0.05) increase in plasma concentrations of ACTH. In fetal sheep at day 125 gestation (term = 145 days) a five-fold higher dose (30 μg) of NPY injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles also caused a significant increase in plasma concentrations of ACTH. The potential of NPY to influence ACTH secretion directly from the pituitary gland was investigated using primary cultures of fetal (day 130 gestation) and adult pituitary cells. CRF (10−10–10−7 M) caused a significant (P〈0.01) dose-related increase in ACTH secretion from both fetal and adult pituitary cells. Furthermore, the secretion of ACTH from adult cells was significantly greater (P〈0.05) than that from fetal cells. NPY (10−10–10−7 M) had no effect on basal or CRF-stimulated ACTH secretion from fetal or adult pituitary cells. Pre-incubation of pituitary cells with cortisol (10−9 and 10−7 M) for three days significantly inhibited CRF-stimulated ACTH secretion but had no effect on basal ACTH release. The simultaneous addition of NPY did not alter the ability of cortisol to inhibit CRF-stimulated ACTH secretion.These data show that exogenous administraiton of NPY stimulates pituitary-adrenal activity in fetal and adult sheep. The lack of any direct pituitary effects of NPY suggests that this neuropeptide acts centrally within the brain to exert its effects on the pituitary-adrenal axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00567.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-Methyl-DL-Aspartate Receptor Antagonism by D-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric Acid Delays Onset of Puberty in the Female Rat (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the possible role of N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation in the initiation of puberty, we examined the effects of the selective competitive antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5) on the timing of vaginal opening. Paired and weight-matched litter mates of immature female rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps for the intracerebroventricular infusion of DL- or D-AP5 or artificial cerebrospinal fluid from 27 to 30 days of age for 14 days. Each animal was weighed and examined daily for vaginal opening as the indicator of first oestrous. Infusion of 20 or 40 mM DL-AP5 beginning on Day 30 failed to delay vaginal opening. Administration 50mM of the single enantiomer D-AP5 beginning on Day 27 significantly delayed the age of vaginal opening to 40.6±1.1 (mean ± SEM) days compared to the cerebrospinal fluid-infused controls (36.5 ± 0.6 days). Blockade of NMDA receptors in the D-AP5-treated animals was confirmed on Day 32 by the suppression of luteinizing hormone response to intravenous NMDA (20 mg/kg) while the response to exogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (50 ng/kg) remained intact. AP5-treated animals had a slower rate of growth (3.1 ± 0.2 g/day) compared to controls (4.2 ± 0.2 g/day). However, a similar degree of growth retardation produced by a 75% restricted diet in untreated juvenile animals did not delay vaginal opening. This suggests that the slower growth rate in the D-AP5-treated animals could not account for the delayed onset of puberty. In conclusion, these data suggest that blockade of central NMDA receptors inhibits excitatory mechanisms which may be important in the control of pubertal onset in the female rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00457.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) more accurate than colposcopically directed punch biopsy in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia? (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In 100 women with suspected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) attending the colposcopy clinic the histological diagnoses made from excision biopsies taken by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) were compared with those from colposcopically directed punch biopsies taken concurrently. One unsuspected micro-invasive tumour was found and the diagnosis made by LLETZ was significantly worse than that made by punch biopsy in 24 cases (24%: 95% CI15.6 to 32.4%). LLETZ improves the accuracy of diagnosis of CIN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb10376.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a Legionella pneumophila gene encoding a lipoprotein antigen (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A prominent 19kDa surface antigen of Legionella pneumophila, cloned in Escherichia coli, was found to be intimately associated with peptidoglycan. The DNA region encoding this antigen was mapped on an 11.9kb plasmid by means of deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis. PhoA+ gene fusions, generated by TnphoA insertions into this region, confirmed the presence of a gene encoding a secreted protein. PhoA+ transposon insertions were also associated with loss of the 19 kDa antigen in immunoassay s using a monoclonal antibody (mAb1E9) and the replacement of the 19kDa antigen with larger fusion proteins in immunoblots using Legionella immune serum. A 1540bp PstI fragment carrying the gene was sequenced, and the open reading frame encoding the antigen was identified. The gene encodes a polypeptide 176 amino acid residues long and 18913Da in size. The presence of a signal sequence of 22 amino acids with a consensus sequence for cleavage by signal peptidase II indicates that the antigen is a lipoprotein, and striking similarity with peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (PALs) from E. coli (51% amino acid homology) and Haemophilus influenzae (55% homology) is noted. We conclude that the 19kDa antigen of L. pneumophila is the structural equivalent of the PAL found in other Gram-negative species and suggest that its post-translational acylation may explain its potency as an immunogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00824.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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