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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Dihydroxyacetone ; ATP-sensitive K+ channels ; GK rat ; glycerol phosphate shuttle ; pancreatic beta cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rat, a genetic model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, glucose-induced insulin secretion is selectively impaired. In addition, it has been suggested by previous studies that impaired glucose metabolism in beta cells of the GK rat results in insufficient closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) and a consequent decrease in depolarization, leading to a decreased insulin release. We have recently reported that the site of disturbed glucose metabolism is probably located in the early stages of glycolysis or in the glycerol phosphate shuttle. In the present study, in order to identify the impaired metabolic step in diabetic beta cells, we have investigated insulin secretory capacity by stimulation with dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is known to be directly converted to DHA-phosphate and to preferentially enter the glycerol phosphate shuttle. In addition, using the patch-clamp technique, we also have studied the sensitivity of DHA on the KATP channels of beta cells in GK rats. The insulin secretion in response to 5 mmol/l DHA with 2.8 mmol/l glucose was impaired, and DHA sensitivity of the KATP channels was reduced in beta cells of GK rats. From these results, we suggest that the intracellular site responsible for impaired glucose metabolism in pancreatic beta cells of GK rats is located in the glycerol phosphate shuttle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Dihydroxyacetone ; ATP-sensitive K+ channels ; GK rat ; glycerol phosphate shuttle ; pancreatic beta cell.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rat, a genetic model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, glucose-induced insulin secretion is selectively impaired. In addition, it has been suggested by previous studies that impaired glucose metabolism in beta cells of the GK rat results in insufficient closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) and a consequent decrease in depolarization, leading to a decreased insulin release. We have recently reported that the site of disturbed glucose metabolism is probably located in the early stages of glycolysis or in the glycerol phosphate shuttle. In the present study, in order to identify the impaired metabolic step in diabetic beta cells, we have investigated insulin secretory capacity by stimulation with dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is known to be directly converted to DHA-phosphate and to preferentially enter the glycerol phosphate shuttle. In addition, using the patch-clamp technique, we also have studied the sensitivity of DHA on the KATP channels of beta cells in GK rats. The insulin secretion in response to 5 mmol/l DHA with 2.8 mmol/l glucose was impaired, and DHA sensitivity of the KATP channels was reduced in beta cells of GK rats. From these results, we suggest that the intracellular site responsible for impaired glucose metabolism in pancreatic beta cells of GK rats is located in the glycerol phosphate shuttle. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1082–1087]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Plurihormonal adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Acromegaly ; Rathke's cleft cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of multiple large Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma presenting with acromegaly is reported. Rathke's cleft cyst within a pituitary adenoma is rare condition, and this is the first report of such a case presenting with acromegaly. An electron microscopic and an immunohistochemical analysis proved that the cyst within the pituitary adenoma of this case differs from cysts found in the embryonic stage of the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: c-myc protein ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Pituitary adenoma ; Malignancy ; Labeling index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To clarify the relationship between the percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells, the bromodeo-xyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling index (LI) and clinical malignancy in pituitary adenomas, we studied 31 cases of pituitary adenomas. Tumor invasiveness, recurrence, tumor size and the length of illness were evaluated from operative findings, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and the clinical course. Each pituitary adenoma was scored to represent the degree of clinical malignancy. An hour before excision of the tumor, we administered BrdUrd intravenously. Surgical materials were fixed in 70% alcohol and embedded in paraffin. Both hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed using a monoclonal antibody for both anti-BrdUrd and anti-c-myc protein. Among pituitary adenomas, there was a significantly low percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells in cases with acromegaly. The percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells in the pituitary adenomas tended to increase with increase with the total scores of clinical malignancy. The BrdUrd LI was lower than 1% in almost all cases of pituitary adenomas, and it showed no correlation with their clinical malignancy. In conclusion, determination of the percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells in pituitary adenomas proved to be useful for evaluating their clinical malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 411-413 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Retinal derivatives were synthesized and their third-order nonlinear optical properties were measured by degenerate four-wave mixing with temporally incoherent nanosecond laser pulses. Fast optical nonlinearities, whose response time was shorter than 30 ps, were observed. The magnitudes of resonant third-order hyperpolarizability were found to be 10−31∼10−29 esu. The large optical nonlinearities were of electronic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2463-2465 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Resonant nonlinear optical response was measured in a crystalline cyanine dye MPER, 5-(5-morpholino-2,4-pentadienilydene)-3-ethylrhodanine, which had a broad reflection band due to large oscillator strength of an electronic excited state in the visible wavelength region. Nonlinear optical response measured by the change of reflectivity under optical pumping at the wavelength of the peak of the excited state was composed of fast and slow components. Response time of the fast component was less than 4 ps and its nonlinear optical coefficient χ(3) was evaluated to be (5±2)×10−15 m2/V2 [(4±2)×10−7 esu], which was one of the largest among organic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Guinea pig ; Ozone ; Cigarette smoke ; Airway hyper-responsiveness ; Vascular permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of combined exposure to ozone and cigarette smoke on airway responsiveness and tracheal vascular permeability, compared with those of single exposure were examined in guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness was assessed by measuring the specific airway resistance (sRaw) as a function of increasing concentration of inhaled methacholine aerosol immediately, 5 hr, and 24 hr after exposure. In a parallel study, tracheal vascular permeability was quantified by measuring the tracheal extravasation of intravenously administered Evans blue dye. Neither exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 30 min nor 5 puffs of cigarette smoke increased airway responsiveness or vascular permeability at any time after exposure. Combined exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 30 min and 5 puffs of cigarette smoke caused airway hyperresponsiveness and increased vascular permeability immediately after exposure. Exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 90 min increased both airway responsiveness and vascular permeability immediately after exposure. Exposure to 10 puffs of cigarette smoke increased airway responsiveness but not vascular permeability immediately after exposure. Combined exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 90 min and 10 puffs of cigarette smoke increased both airway responsiveness and vascular permeability immediately after exposure. The combined exposure to ozone and cigarette smoke thus increased both airway responsiveness and tracheal vascular permeability to a greater extent than did exposure to a single agent, suggesting that a combination of air pollutants has a more deleterious effect both on airway responsiveness and on tracheal vascular permeability than does either agent alone in guinea pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; MRI ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pituitary hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to elucidate the factors which determine the MRI signal intensities of pituitary adenomas. We examined 51 patients with surgically-confirmed pituitary adenomas. Using a spin-echo pulse sequence (SE 500/15), coronal and sagittal images (3 mm slices) were obtained. Signal intensities on T1-weighted images were measured in the parenchyma of the adenoma and in normal grey matter. The relative intensity of the adenoma was assessed by calculating the ratio of its signal intensity to that of the normal grey matter of the same patient. Parafin-embedded sections were used for haematoxylin and eosin staining. The number of cells in a prescribed area was counted, and the mean of five such counts was taken as the cell density. Immunohistochemically stained sections using antibodies for various pituitary hormones were similarly examined; the ratio of the total number of hormone-positive cells to the overall total number of adenoma cells was calculated. Four independent variables were used in the analysis: the age of the patient, the maximum diameter of the adenoma, the cell density and the proportion of hormone-positive cells in the adenoma and, with the signal intensity ratio as the dependent variable, a multiple regression analysis was performed. This revealed that the the greatest influence upon the signal intensities on T1-weighted images was the proportion of hormone positive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: ABO blood groupin ; Contaminated bloodstains ; Sandwich ELISA ; Monoclonal antibody ; Red cell membrane band 3 ; ABO-Blutgruppenbestimmung ; Kontaminierte Blutspuren ; Sandwich ELISA ; Monoklonale Antikörper ; Erythrozytenmembran-Bande 3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: usammenfassung Die ABO-Blutgruppenbestimmung an menschlichen Blutspuren wurde mit Hilfe einer ELISA-Sandwichtechnik durchgeführt, indem ein Species-spezifischer monoklonaler Antikörper gegen die aminoterminale zytoplasmatische Domäne der menschlichen Erythrozytenmembran-Bande 3 benutzt wurde. In einem Blindversuch wurden alle A-, B- und O-Blutspuren (ein 1 cm langer Faden) und AB-Blutspuren (ein 1,5 cm langer Faden) mit dieser Methode richtig bestimmt. Auch wenn Blutspuren mit anderen Körperflüssigkeiten kontaminiert waren (z. B. Sperma, Speichel) wurden lediglich die ABO-Blutgruppen-Epitope auf der Bande 3 der Erythrozytenmembran nachgewiesen. Auf diese Weise konnte die Identifikation menschlichen Blutes und die Blutgruppenbestimmung von Blutspuren, welche mit anderen Körperflüssigkeiten kontaminiert waren, simultan mit dieser Methode durchgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary ABO blood grouping of human bloodstains was performed by a sandwich ELISA using a species-specific monoclonal antibody to the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of human red cell membrane band 3. In a blind trial, all A, B and O bloodstains (a 1 cm long thread) and AB bloodstains (a 1.5 cm long thread) were accurately typed by this method. Even when bloodstains were contaminated by other body fluids (e.g., semen and saliva), only the ABO blood group epitopes on band 3 of the red cell membrane were detected. Thus, identification of human blood and ABO blood grouping of bloodstains which were contaminated by other body fluids could be simultaneously performed by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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