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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of molecular orientation in polymeric products by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using diffuse reflectance optics (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 4278-4280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00015a008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Gallbladder emptying, hyperglycaemia, cholecystokinin, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, autonomic neuropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing gallstones. This has been attributed, among other factors, to alterations in gallbladder motility in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Since high blood glucose concentrations impair gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we have investigated the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility. Seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied twice during euglycaemia (blood glucose 5 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemia (blood glucose 15 mmol/l) using a clamp technique. In addition, seven healthy volunteers were studied during euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of step-wise increasing doses of cholecystokinin-33, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1, each dose for 30 min. Mean basal gallbladder volumes were not significantly different in the four experiments. Administration of cholecystokinin resulted in significant (p 〈0.05) dose-dependent reductions in gallbladder volume in all experiments. During euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in diabetic patients was not significantly different from the control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the diabetic patients was significantly (p 〈0.05) reduced compared to euglycaemia only during infusion of 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 of cholecystokinin (19±6 % vs 33±6 %). Compared to euglycaemia, during hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the control subjects was significantly (p 〈0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 of cholecystokinin (14±4 % vs 31±3 %; 42±6 % vs 65±5 %; 74±4 % vs 90±3 %, respectively). It is concluded that during euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin in Type 1 diabetic patients is not significantly different from control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 cholecystokinin, leading to cholecystokinin levels as observed after ingestion of a light meal, is significantly reduced in Type 1 diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 75–81]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050075
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Gallbladder emptying ; hyperglycaemia ; cholecystokinin ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; autonomic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing gallstones. This has been attributed, among other factors, to alterations in gallbladder motility in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Since high blood glucose concentrations impair gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we have investigated the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility. Seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied twice during euglycaemia (blood glucose 5 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemia (blood glucose 15 mmol/l) using a clamp technique. In addition, seven healthy volunteers were studied during euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of step-wise increasing doses of cholecystokinin-33, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1, each dose for 30 min. Mean basal gallbladder volumes were not significantly different in the four experiments. Administration of cholecystokinin resulted in significant (p〈0.05) dose-dependent reductions in gallbladder volume in all experiments. During euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in diabetic patients was not significantly different from the control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the diabetic patients was significantly (p〈0.05) reduced compared to euglycaemia only during infusion of 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 of cholecystokinin (19±6% vs 33±6%). Compared to euglycaemia, during hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the control subjects was significantly (p〈0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 of cholecystokinin (14±4% vs 31±3%; 42±6% vs 65±5%; 74±4% vs 90±3%, respectively). It is concluded that during euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin in Type 1 diabetic patients is not significantly different from control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 cholecystokinin, leading to cholecystokinin levels as observed after ingestion of a light meal, is significantly reduced in Type 1 diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428781
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological role of cholecystokinin on postprandial insulin secretion and gastric meal emptying in man. Studies with the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist loxiglumide (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 721-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin blocker ; plasma glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; plasma cholecystokinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholecystokinin was previously proposed to play an important role in the regulation of postprandial insulin secretion either indirectly, by inhibiting gastric meal emptying, or directly, by acting as an incretin promoting the release of insulin. The aim of this investigation was therefore to clarify the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in the regulation of insulin release and gastric emptying applying the highly potent and specific cholecystokinin receptor antagonist loxiglumide. Five healthy volunteers were examined after an overnight fast. Gastric meal emptying was measured by the double indicator technique using a multiple lumen tube in the duodenum and 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate as a meal marker and polyethylene glycol 4000 as a duodenal perfusion marker. Postprandial insulin, C-peptide, cholecystokinin and glucose levels were measured after ingestion of two isocaloric meals of a) Ensure (containing fat, protein and glucose), and b) a pure glucose meal (1.11 mol/l). The meals were given either with an intravenous infusion of loxiglumide (22 μmol·kg−1·h−1) or placebo. The infusion of loxiglumide markedly accelerated the gastric emptying of the mixed meal (area under curve, 5576±352 min vs 3498±109 min; p〈0.001) and the pure glucose meal (area under curve 5662±537 min vs 3551±534 min; p〈0.05). Simultaneously, loxiglumide induced a more rapid rise in postprandial insulin levels after both meals resulting in significantly higher (p〈0.05) insulin levels during the first postprandial hour, but similar insulin levels in the second postprandial hour. Accordingly, we found a close correlation between meal emptying and insulin release (r=0.748, p〈0.01). Integrated insulin and C-peptide levels for the whole 2-h experimental period tended to be higher during loxiglumide infusion, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Similar plasma glucose levels at all time periods were observed with and without loxiglumide infusion. Higher cholecystokinin levels were measured during loxiglumide infusion after the mixed (p〈0.01) and the pure dextrose (p〈0.05) meals. We conclude that postprandially released cholecystokinin exerts an important role in the regulation of gastric meal emptying and consecutively the postprandial pattern of insulin release. In contrast, no evidence was found for an insulinotropic role for cholecystokinin in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401517
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of loxiglumide (CR-1505) on bombesin- and meal-stimulated plasma cholecystokinin in man (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cholecystokinin ; loxiglumide ; CCK-receptor antagonist ; bombesin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholecystokinin (CCK)-receptor antagonists have been reported to inhibit the effects of the hormone on the gastrointestinal tract. Their effect on plasma CCK levels in man has not been described. The present study in 5 normal subjects demonstrated that i.v. infusion of the potent, specific CCK-receptor antagonist loxiglumide (CR 1505) significantly augmented plasma CCK levels during infusion of bombesin (402 pM per 30 min) and after administration of a meal (1390 pM per 300 min) when compared to the bombesin- (192 pM per 30 min) and meal- (886 pM per 300 min) stimulated CCK responses during infusion of saline. The basal plasma CCK during saline infusion (0.1 pM per 40 min) was not significantly influenced by CR 1505 (−1.8 pM per 40 min). Thus, both enteral (meal) and parenteral (bombesin) stimulation of CCK secretion are augmented by CCK-receptor blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315577
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of single- and multiple-dose omeprazole treatment on nifedipine pharmacokinetics and effects in healthy subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nifedipine ; omeprazole ; absorption ; gastric pH ; pharmacokinetic ; drug interaction ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of single dose (20 mg) and short-term (20 mg/day for 8 days) oral treatment with omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics and effects of oral nifedipine (10 mg capsule) and on gastric pH have been investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in 10 non-smoking healthy male subjects. The single dose of omeprazole had no significant effect on any pharmacokinetic parameter of nifedipine, nor on gastric pH, or blood pressure or heart rate. Short-term omeprazole treatment increased the AUC of nifedipine by 26% (95% confidence interval 9–46%), but all other pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine, including elimination half-life, Cmax, tmax, and recovery of the main urinary metabolite, were not significantly changed. The median gastric pH during the absorption phase of nifedipine was increased by short-term omeprazole (pH 4.2) compared to placebo treatment (pH 1.4). Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ between treatments. The interaction between nifedipine and omeprazole is not likely to be of major clinical relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266355
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of in Vitro and in Vivo Decreased Fibrinolytic Activity Caused by Dexamethasone (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 667 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51616.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Plasminogen Activation in Rat Cell Lines (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 667 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51615.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculated fluid evolution path versus fluid inclusion data in the COHN system as exemplified by metamorphic rocks from Rogaland, south-west Norway (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 11 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Fluid evolution paths in the COHN system can be calculated for metamorphic rocks if there are relevant data regarding the mineral assemblages present, and regarding the oxidation and nitrodation states throughout the entire P-T loop. The compositions of fluid inclusions observed in granulitic rocks from Rogaland (south-west Norway) are compared with theoretical fluid compositions and molar volumes. The fluid parameters are calculated using a P-T path based on mineral assemblages, which are represented by rocks within the pigeonite-in isograd and by rocks near the orthopyroxene-in isograd surrounding an intrusive anorthosite massif. The oxygen and nitrogen fugacities are assumed to be buffered by the coexisting Fe-Ti oxides and Cr-carlsbergite, respectively. Many features of the natural fluid inclusions, including (1) the occurrence of CO2-N2-rich graphite-absent fluid inclusions near peak M2 metamorphic conditions (927° C and 400 MPa), (2) the non-existence of intermediate ternary CO2-CH4-N2 compositions and (3) the low-molar-volume CO2-rich fluid inclusions (36–42 cm3 mol−1), are reproduced in the calculated fluid system. The observed CO2-CH4-rich inclusions with minor N2 (5 mol%) should also include a large proportion of H2O according to the calculations. The absence of H2O from these natural high-molar-volume CO2-CH4-rich inclusions and the occurrence of natural CH4-N2-rich inclusions are both assumed to result from preferential leakage of H2O. This has been previously experimentally demonstrated for H2O-CO2-rich fluid inclusions, and has also been theoretically predicted. Fluid-deficient conditions may explain the relatively high molar volumes, but cannot be used to explain the occurrence of CH4-N2-rich inclusions and the absence of H2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00153.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of indomethacin on intragastric pH and meal-stimulated serum gastrin secretion in rheumatoid arthritis patients (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of oral indomethacin on intragastric pH and serum gastrin were investigated in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Nine patients (1 male, 8 female) without a history of peptic ulcer disease and 6 patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease (5 male, 1 female) were studied. To obviate Helicobacter pylori infection as a confounding factor, only patients with positive H. pylori serology were included. After a 5-day period of placebo treatment and after a 5-day period of indomethacin (50 mg t.d.s.; total dose 750 mg), 24-h intragastric pH and basal and meal-stimulated serum gastrin levels were measured in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study.There were no differences in the median 24-h pH values between placebo and indomethacin irrespective of peptic ulcer disease history. Indomethacin resulted in a higher basal and stimulated gastrin response than placebo in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease. The basal and incremental responses were lower in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease than in patients without a history of peptic ulcer disease, both during indomethacin and placebo. The same basal and stimulated incremental serum gastrin responses were found during placebo and indomethacin treatment in patients without a history of peptic ulcer disease. No correlation was established between median 2-h post-prandial intragastric pH and post-prandial incremental serum gastrin concentration. We conclude that indomethacin does not influence the intragastric pH of rheumatoid arthritis patients irrespective of history of peptic ulcer disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00112.x
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