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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyclonal Antibodies Directed Against an Epitope Specific for the α4-Subunit of GABAA Receptors Identify a 67-kDa Protein in Rat Brain Membranes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Polyclonal antibodies were raised to the C-terminal part of the γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor α4-subunit. These anti-peptide α4 (517–523) antibodies specifically identified a protein with apparent molecular mass 67 kDa in rat brain membranes. This protein was enriched by immunoaffinity chromatography of brain membrane extracts on Affigel 10 coupled to the anti-peptide α4 (517–523) antibodies and could then be identified by the anti-α4-antibodies as well as by the GABAA receptor subunit-specific monoclonal antibody bd-28. This appears to indicate that the 67-kDa protein is the α4-subunit of GABAA receptors. Intact GABAA receptors appeared to be retained by the immunoaffinity column because other GABAA receptor subunit proteins like the β2/β3-subunits and the γ2-subunit were detected in the immunoaffinity column eluate. Furthermore, in addition to the 67-kDa protein, a 51-kDa protein could be detected by the antibody bd-28 and the anti-peptide α4 (517–523) antibody in the immunoaffinity column eluate. A protein with similar apparent molecular mass was identified by the α1-subunit-specific anti-peptide α1 (1–9) antibody. In contrast to the α1-subunit, the 51-kDa protein identified by the anti-α4 antibody could not be deglycosylated by N-Glycanase. The identity of the 51-kDa protein identified by the anti-α4-antibodies thus must be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62020764.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1992)
    Springer
    Infection 20 (1992), S. 117-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704595
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1991)
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 342-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01645361
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and correlation with body temperature of circulating interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta in patients with fever and neutropenia (1994)
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. 160-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beteiligung der Zytokine Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (II-8) und Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor-alpha (TNF) bei der Sepsis und dem septischen Schock ist gut belegt. Doch existierenden wenige Daten insbesondere zur frühen Kinetik zirkulierender Zytokine bei Patienten mit Fieber und Neutropenie. Daher wurden bei 14 erwachsenen Patienten mit Chemotherapie-induzierter Leukopenie prospektiv bei Auftreten von Fieber Konzentrationbestimmungen dieser Zytokine in konsekutiv entnommenen Serumproben durchgeführt. IL-6 und IL-8 waren bei allen Patienten erhöht und korrelieren gut untereinander und mit dem Fieberverlauf. Der Median der Spitzenwerte lag für IL-6 bei 400 pg/ml (Bereich: 100 bis 41 000 pg/ml), für IL-8 bei 1025 pg/ml (600 bis 26 000 pg/ml). Bei Patienten mit ansprechen auf entsprechende antimikrobielle Therapie kam es zu einem raschen Abfall der Serumkonzentrationen dieser Zytokine. Trotz der engmaschig vor und nach dem Temperaturmaximum entnommenen Proben waren meßbare Konzentrationen von TNF und IL-1b seltener, und die mittleren Spitzenkonzentrationen waren sowohl für TNF mit 〈10 pg/ml (〈10 bis 150 pg/ml) als auch für IL-1β mit 17 pg/ml (〈10 bis 36 pg/ml) sehr niedrig. Inwieweit die Neutropenie und Monocytopenie mit der damit verbundenen Depletion wesentlicher Zytokin-produzierender und-Target-Zellen für dieses Zytokin-Sekretionsmuster eine Rolle spielen, sollte weiter untersucht werden.
    Notes: Summary Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) are important mediators of fever and inflammation, and are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. There is only limited data on serum concentrations of these proinflammatory cytokines in patients with fever and neutropenia, and their interrelationship and correlation with body temperature and clinical disease early in the febrile response during neutropenia have not been studied. Immunoreactive TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in serum samples serially obtained from 14 adult patients with neutropenia and fever considered or documented to be due to infection were measured. IL-6 and Il-8 were consistently elevated in all patients, and correlated well with each other and with body temperature. Median peak concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 were 400 pg/ml (range: 100 to 41,000 pg/ml), and 1,025 pg/ml (range: 600 to 26,000 pg/ml), respectively, and levels of both cytokines rapidly declined in patients responding to antimicrobial therapy. Despite frequent sampling before and after the temperature peaks TNF and IL-1β, conversely, were less frequently detectable, with median peak values of 〈10 pg/ml (range: 〈10 to 150 pg/ml) for TNF, and 17 pg/ml (range: 〈10 to 36 pg/ml) for IL-1β, respectively. The role of neutro- and monocytopenia with depletion of important cytokine producing and target cells in this particular cytokine response pattern needs to be further studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716695
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Shapley value for cooperative games under precedence constraints (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 21 (1992), S. 249-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Keywords: Cooperative Game ; Shapley Value ; Precedence Constraint ; Marginal Contribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Cooperative games are considered where only those coalitions of players are feasible that respect a given precedence structure on the set of players. Strengthening the classical symmetry axiom, we obtain three axioms that give rise to a unique Shapley value in this model. The Shapley value is seen to reflect the expected marginal contribution of a player to a feasible random coalition, which allows us to evaluate the Shapley value nondeterministically. We show that every exact algorithm for the Shapley value requires an exponential number of operations already in the classical case and that even restriction to simple games is #P-hard in general. Furthermore, we outline how the multi-choice cooperative games of Hsiao and Raghavan can be treated in our context, which leads to a Shapley value that does not depend on pre-assigned weights. Finally, the relationship between the Shapley value and the permission value of Gilles, Owen and van den Brink is discussed. Both refer to formally similar models of cooperative games but reflect complementary interpretations of the precedence constraints and thus give rise to fundamentally different solution concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258278
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular epidemiological study ofPseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with acute leukemia (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 9 (1990), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to determine the genetic relationship between strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with acute leukemia, a recently described restriction fragment from the region upstream of the exotoxin A structural gene was used as a probe in Southern hybridization. The overall rate of cultures positive forPseudomonas aeruginosa during 169 admissions (119 patients) was 17 %. Twelve genotypically distinct strains were found among 18 colonized and/or infected individuals. Three of these strains were recovered from more than one patient, suggesting a certain risk of nosocomial transmission ofPseudomonas aeruginosa and cross-infection. Genotypic comparison showed identical restriction patterns in multiple isolates from single patients, and also in colonizing and subsequently infecting strains. Genotyping distinguished isolates with similar O serotypes and established the identity between isolates with differing susceptibility to agents used for antibacterial prophylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteremia due to fluoroquinolone-resistantEscherichia coli in two immunocompromised patients (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients with acute leukemia developedEscherichia coli bacteremia while receiving oral ofloxacin for antibacterial prophylaxis during profound neutropenia. The isolates were resistant to ofloxacin (MIC 25 and 12.5 µg/ml respectively), other fluoroquinolones and several unrelated agents. Whole cell drug accumulation studies with four different fluoroquinolones suggested major differences between drugs but only minor alterations in individual drug permeability in the two resistant isolates compared with a susceptible control strain. In a supercoiling assay using the purified DNA gyrase and plasmid pBR322, high concentrations (≥250 µg/ml) of both ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were needed for visible inhibition of enzyme activity suggesting mutations in the DNA gyrase gene as the significant mechanism of resistance in both strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982191
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low incidence of invasive fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation in patients receiving amphotericin B inhalations during neutropenia (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 68 (1994), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Fungal infection ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Amphotericin B inhalations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of invasive fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was analyzed in 303 consecutive marrow graft recipients (allogeneicn=271, autologousn=27, syngeneicn=5). All patients received inhalations with amphotericin B (10 mg twice daily) during neutropenia. The overall incidence of invasive fungal infections within the first 120 days after transplant was 3.6% (11/303; aspergillosis: 6; yeast infection: 5). Four of the 11 cases occurred early, and seven cases were observed after neutrophil recovery and discontinuation of amphotericin B inhalation treatment. Late infection was significantly associated with the development of acute graft-versus-host disease. Four of the 11 infections (early 2/4; late: 2/7) were observed in patients with a history of previous fungal infection. Other patient and treatment characteristics were not helpful in defining potential risk factors. In particular, the incidence of invasive fungal infections did not differ between patients with more or less strict reverse isolation measures. Occasional side effects such as initial mild cough and bad taste were rare, usually disappeared during continued administration, and were in no case the reason for discontinuation of treatment. These data suggest that aerosolized amphotericin B may be a useful, convenient, and efficient prophylactic antifungal regimen in BMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695915
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corynebacterium jeikeium bacteremia at a tertiary care center (1991)
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer Universitätsklinik wurde während eines Zeitraumes von sechs Jahren bei 23 PatientenCorynebacterium jeikeium aus Blutkulturen isoliert.C. jeikeium-Bakteriämien traten weder zeitlich noch örtlich gehäuft auf. Die retrospektive Analyse der Patientendaten zeigte, daß in den meisten Fällen eine maligne hämatologische Grunderkrankung mit Neutropenie vorlag, ein zentral-venöser Katheter implantiert und eine antibiotische Therapie vorausgegangen war. Die Patientenpopulation mit nur einer positiven Blutkultur unterschied sich in wichtigen Aspekten von derjenigen mit mehreren positiven Blutkulturen. So waren Patienten mit nur einer positiven Blutkultur seltener an akuter Leukämie erkrankt, hatten signifikant höhere neutrophile Granulozytenkonzentrationen im peripheren Blut und waren zuvor über einen kürzeren Zeitraum antibiotisch behandelt worden. Weiterhin fanden sich in dieser Patientengruppe in allen Fällen andere mögliche Ursachen der Fieberepisoden. Auch die Mortalität war deutlich geringer. Trotz des zunehmend häufigeren Nachweises vonCorynebacterium jeikeium in Blutkulturen bleiben schwere Infektionen durch diesen Erreger weiterhin meist auf die Patientenpopulation mit hämatologischer Grunderkrankung und Neutropenie beschränkt.
    Notes: Summary During a six-year period 23 patients with isolation ofCorynebacterium jeikeium (formerly known asCorynebacterium group JK) from one or more blood cultures at a university hospital were identified. Cases occurred sporadically without time- or ward-related clustering. Review of the cases showed that most infections were nosocomial, that most of the patients had underlying malignant disease, had a chronic intravascular catheter implanted, had been pretreated with antibiotics, and were neutropenic at the time the blood cultures were drawn. Patients with only one versus those with more than one positive blood culture differed in some important aspects. Patients with only one positive blood culture were less likely to have acute leukemia, had significantly higher neutrophil counts and a shorter duration of preceding antibiotic treatment, and all had other probable causes of infection and fever. The mortality also appeared to be lower in these patients. Despite the possibility of increasing frequency of blood cultures positive forC. jeikeium, severe infections due to this organism continue to be largely confined to neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644945
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streptococcal bacteremia in adult patients with leukemia undergoing aggressive chemotherapy. A review of 55 cases (1990)
    Springer
    Infection 18 (1990), S. 138-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert 55 Fälle von Streptokokken-Bakteriämie bei erwachsenen Patienten nach aggressiver antileukämischer Chemotherapie. Vergrünende Streptokokken waren die häufigsten Erreger (45 Isolate). Beta-hämolysierende Streptokokken (vier Isolate), Pneumokokken (drei Isolate) und Enterokokken (drei Isolate) waren dagegen eher selten. Klinisch waren die Infektionen gekennzeichnet durch Fieber, Beteiligung des oberen und unteren Respirationstrakts, Weichteilinfektion, durch Atemnotsyndrom und septischen Schock. 40 Patienten, bei denen ausschließlich Streptokokken in der Blutkultur nachgewiesen wurden, wurden verglichen mit 36 Patienten (ausgewählt nach denselben Kriterien) mit gramnegativer bakteriämischer Infektion. Die Gegenüberstellung ergab, daß Patienten mit Streptokokken-Bakteriämien häufiger hochdosiertes Cytosin-Arabinosid erhalten hatten (17 versus fünf Tage), eine längere Fieberdauer hatten (11 versus sieben Tage, P〈0.01), etwas länger antibakterielle Therapie benötigten (15 versus zwölf Tage, P=0.07, nicht signifikant) und häufiger mit Fluorochinolonen zur Infektprophylaxe behandelt waren (30 versus acht). Beide Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht hinsichtlich Alter, Grunderkrankung, Dauer der Granulozytopenie und Häufigkeit von Superinfektionen. Die Letalität betrug 18% bei Streptokokken-Bakteriämie und 17% bei Gram-negativer Bakteriämie. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß Streptokokken, besonders vergrünende Streptokokken, ungewöhnlich häufig unerwartet schwere Infektionen bei Patienten nach antileukämischer Chemotherapie verursachen können.
    Notes: Summary We reviewed 55 cases of streptococcal bacteremia in adult patients who received cytotoxic chemotherapy for treatment of acute leukemia. Viridans group streptococci were the most frequent species isolated (45 isolates). Hemolytic streptococci (four isolates), pneumococci (three isolates), and enterococci (three isolates) were infrequent. Clinical features of streptococcal bacteremia included fever, upper and lower respiratory infection, respiratory distress syndrome, soft tissue infection, and septic shock. Forty patients who had only streptococci, but no other organisms isolated from their blood, were compared with 36 cases of gram-negative bacillary bacteremia that occurred during the same study period within the same population at risk. The comparison showed that patients with streptococcal bacteremia had more often received high dose cytosine arabinoside as part of their chemotherapy (17 vs. five), had a longer mean duration of fever (11 vs. seven days, p〈0.01) needed slightly more days of antibacterial therapy (15 vs. 12 days, p=0.07, not significant), and were more likely to have been treated with newer quinolones for infection prevention (30 vs. eight). No differences between both groups were found for age, underlying disease, remission status, duration of severe granulocytopenia, and number of superinfections. The overall mortality was 18% in streptococcal bacteremia and 17% in gram-negative bacillary bacteremia. Streptococci, especially viridans group streptococci, should now be regarded as frequent causes of serious life-threatening infections following aggressive chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642101
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