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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IDDM susceptibility associated with polymorphisms in the insulin gene region A study of blacks, Caucasians and orientals (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 745-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin gene polymorphism ; HLA class II genotypes ; transracial comparison ; IDDM ; genetic susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have suggested an association between polymorphisms in the insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Most of the studies so far have been performed in Caucasoid populations. We have investigated 418 random IDDM patients and 422 healthy control subjects from three different ethnic groups; Tanzanian blacks, Norwegian Caucasians and Japanese orientals. Our data suggest that polymorphisms in the insulin gene region confer susceptibility to IDDM in Caucasians, and that a similar tendency though not statistically significant is observed among Tanzanian blacks, while no significant contribution is seen among Japanese orientals. We further demonstrate that the disease-associated genotype INS +/+ confers susceptibility independently of HLA class II alleles associated with IDDM. Compared to the contribution of particular HLA-DQ alleles in IDDM susceptibility, the additional risk conferred by the insulin gene region polymorphism is, however, small. Genotyping of the insulin gene region will therefore most probably not be a useful tool in the prediction of IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404330
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IDDM susceptibility associated with polymorphisms in the insulin gene region A study of blacks, Caucasians and orientals (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 745-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin gene polymorphism, HLA class II genotypes, transracial comparison, IDDM, genetic susceptibility.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have suggested an association between polymorphisms in the insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Most of the studies so far have been performed in Caucasoid populations. We have investigated 418 random IDDM patients and 422 healthy control subjects from three different ethnic groups; Tanzanian blacks, Norwegian Caucasians and Japanese orientals. Our data suggest that polymorphisms in the insulin gene region confer susceptibility to IDDM in Caucasians, and that a similar tendency though not statistically significant is observed among Tanzanian blacks, while no significant contribution is seen among Japanese orientals. We further demonstrate that the disease-associated genotype INS+/+ confers susceptibility independently of HLA class II alleles associated with IDDM. Compared to the contribution of particular HLA-DQ alleles in IDDM susceptibility, the additional risk conferred by the insulin gene region polymorphism is, however, small. Genotyping of the insulin gene region will therefore most probably not be a useful tool in the prediction of IDDM. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: Wingdingsx–Wingdingsx] [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 745–749]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050174
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POLYMORPHISM OF THE 5’ FLANKING REGION OF THE HLA-DQA1 GENE IN COELIAC DISEASE (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Coeliac disease (CD) is associated with particular HLA genotypes. The susceptibility gene (or genes) has been mapped to the class II region, most probably to the DQ loci. Polymorphism of the upstream promoter region of the DQA1 gene (QAP) has been recently reported. At least ten variants or QAP alleles have been found, some of which are present in the as-acting regulatory sequences. Allelic differences in DQ molecule expression may play a role in susceptibility to CD. We investigated the QAP polymorphism in 102 CD patients and 142 unrelated healthy controls of Czech origin using polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) of genomic DNA and oligonucleotide probes. We found a significant frequency increase of the alleles QAP 4.1 (RR = 10.3, p.c. = 10-6) and QAP 2.1 (RR = 2.4, p.c. = 0.017) in patients over controls. An increased susceptibility is provided by the presence of both alleles, as is shown by the higher proportion of QAP 4.1, 2.1 heterozygotes among patients than expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and by the comparison of the odds ratios for these alleles. There is a strong linkage disequilibrium between the QAP alleles and the DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1 loci. Two haplotypes carrying the QAP alleles whose frequency is increased are predominant in this group of CD patients: DQB1* 0201, DQA1* 0501, QAP 4.1, DRB1* 0301 and DQB1* 0201, DQA1* 0201, QAP 2.1, DRB1* 0701. Thus, the QAP variants are increased as part of these haplotypes and we cannot discriminate if they are responsible for the primary association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00159.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of a multi-allergen dipstick IgE assay to skin-prick test and RAST (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A multi-allergen dipstick enzyme immunoassay ‘Quidel Allergy Screen’ (QAS) has recently been developed commercially for measuring IgE antibodies against nine allergens (house dust 1, house dust 2, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, Japanese cedar, ragweed, cat dander, sweet vernal grass, and egg white) at one time. To assess whether this assay is useful in screening allergen-specific IgE antibody, we compared the titres of IgE antibodies against the nine allergens measured by QAS to those in the skin-prick test and by RAST in 93 atopic asthmatics and 22 normal subjects. We found a good overall agreement between the results of the skin-prick test and the results of QAS (sensitivity = 47.1-81.4%, specificity = 84.5-100%, and agreement =78.9-88.9%). The sensitivities against house dust I, D. pteronyssinus. and D. farinae ranged from 77.2 to 81.4%. However, the sensitivities against house dust 2, Japanese cedar, ragweed, and cat dander were low (47.1-68.8%). We also found a good overall agreement between the results of RAST and the results of QAS, except for egg white (sensitivity = 46.2-94.4%, specificity = 87.4-100%, and agreement = 77.4-96.5%). The sensitivities against house dust 1 and 2, D, pteronyssinus, D. farinae, and Japanese cedar ranged from 86.0 to 94.4%. The sensitivities against ragweed, cat dander, and sweet vernal grass were low (46.2-52.6%). There were strong correlations between the titres of RAST and the titres of QAS except cat dander and egg white (r= 0.701 0.924 for the seven allergens). Thus, we conclude that QAS is useful in screening IgE antibodies against multiple allergens at one time. However, because the sensitivities against some allergens tested were low, further improvement of some allergen preparations seems to be necessary in the assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02664.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coding Region Polymorphisms of Human T-Cell Receptor Vβ6.9 and Vβ21.4 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two new TCRVβ coding region polymorphisms were identified: Vβ6.9a/b and Vβ21.4a/b. In both cases, a single nucleotide difference gives rise to an amino acid exchange. Genomic typing by the PCR/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing technique was performed to study a possible contribution of these two new polymorphisms in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. However, there was no association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis or coeliac disease. On the other hand, significant differences were found between Caucasoid and Oriental populations in frequencies of the Vβ6.9 and Vβ21.4 alleles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03101.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic character of the lipid hydroperoxide-resistant mutant: Positive relationship between flocculation and resistance against lipid hydroperoxide inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 296-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Flocculation ; linoleic acid hydroperoxide ; lipid hydroperoxide ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A lipid hydroperoxide-resistant mutant was isolated from a strain ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant was resistant to 1.5mm tert-butylhydroperoxide and 1.0mm linoleic acid hydroperoxide. It flocculated in a Ca2+-dependent manner and the resistance against lipid hydroperoxide was suppressed by mannose, which also inhibited flocculation. A positive relationship between the acquirement of, the flocculent phenotype and resistance against lipid hydroperoxide is suggested. A protein with a molecular weight of 33 kDa was found on the surface of the mutant cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201883
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A toxic substance from the sea urchinToxopneustes pileolus induces histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (1991)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 32 (1991), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A toxic substance (P-II fraction), fractionated from the pedicellariae of the sea urchinToxopneustes pileulus, dose-dependently caused the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. The histamine release induced by P-II fraction increased with time, while compound 48/80 caused a more rapid histamine release. The dose-response curve for P-II fraction was studied with concentration 0.03–2.0 mg/ml. This reaction was dependent on Ca2+ and temperature. When glucose (5.5. mM) was omitted during the incubation step, the histamine release induced by P-II fraction was significantly reduced as compared to that of compound 48/80. Pyruvate reversed this reduction. On the other hand, the histamine release induced by P-II fraction was effectively potentiated by the addition of glucose (11.0 mM), but not that by compound 48/80. These results suggest that P-II fraction-induced histamine release differs from that of compound 48/80 disregards to the effects of glucose, because this histamine release appears to be more sensitive to the glycolytic pathway than compound 48/80-induced histamine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01980878
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical survey of the neuropeithelial endocrine system in the respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander, Hynobius neubulosus tokyoensis Tago (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract of urodeles has been shown to harbor an innervated system of neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) cells. Even between phylogenetically closely related species, large differences have been reported in the appearance and chemical coding of the NEE system. Although urodeles are well suited for the purpose, none of the prior studies have provided an immunocytochemical survey of the NEE system in all parts of the respiratory tract. In the present study, many bioactive substances and a general marker were immunocytochemically demonstrated in serial sections of the entire respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander, Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis, a species in which neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) were previously characterized at the electron microscopic level. In the current study, serotonin-immunoreactive solitary NEE cells were observed in variable numbers in the larynx, in all parts of the trachea, and in areas of the lungs covered with ciliomucous epithelium. Serotonin-containing NEBs, however, were detected in small cranial areas of the lung only. Solitary NEE cells were seen in the trachea and lungs of H. nebulosus tokyoensis by immunocytochemical staining for somatostatin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and bombesin, but the number, localization, and appearance of the labeled NEE cells differed considerably. Only calcitonin-like immunoreactivity was also noted in some NEB-like cell clusters in the cranial parts of the lungs. Unlike many other vertebrates, neuron specific enolase was found to be a poor marker for the NEE system in the salamander species used in this investigation. It may be concluded that the NEE system of H. nebulosus tokyoensis contains at least five different bioactive substances. The different markers, however, demonstrate the presence of NEE cells with obvious differences in respect to appearance and topographical distribution. The necessity is emphasized of reliable methods for adequate sampling of all regions of the respiratory tract in comparative histological studies of the NEE system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269573
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the localization of the epitope defined by a human saliva-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (P4-5C) (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 104 (1991), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Salivary gland ; Specific monoclonal antibody ; ABO(H) blood group antigens ; Species identification ; Immunhistochemie ; Speicheldrüse ; spezifischer monoklonaler Antikörper ; ABH-Blutgruppenantigene ; Speziesidentifikation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein neuartiger monoklonaler Antikörper von der Maus (P4-5C) wurde entwickelt, der den Kern des Proteins erkennt, welches die ABO-Blutgruppenantigene im menschlichen Speichel trägt. Dieser erwies sich als spezifisch für menschlichen Speichel über die Benutzung immunchemischer Methoden, wie enzymgekoppelter Immunabsorptions-Test, OuchterlonyMethode, Kreuz-Elektrophorese. Durch licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen mit immunhistochemischen Techniken unter Verwendung dieses Antikörpers konnte gezeigt werden, daß eher spezifisch und exklusiv mit Schleim von den mukösen Zellen der menschlichen Speicheldrüsen reagiert. P4-5C reagierte weder mit mukösen Zellen anderer Primaten (Mantelpavian, japanischer Affe, Rhesus-Affe) und 4 Säugetieren (Hund, Katze, Ratte und Maus) noch mit anderen menschlichen Geweben. Das Epitop des Kernanteils des ABH-tragenden Proteins wurde definiert als P4-5C und konnte von dem Epitop der ABO-Blutgruppen-Antigene unterschieden werden mit Hilfe der Immun-Elektronenmikroskopie, obwohl diese beiden Epitope relativ nahe beieinander lokalisiert waren. Der P4-5C monoklonale Antikörper kann auch benutzt werden für die morphologische Spezies-Identifikation von Gewebsproben von den Glandulae submandibularis.
    Notes: Summary A novel mouse monoclonal antibody (P4-5C) has been developed which recognizes the core portion of the protein carrying ABO(H) blood group antigens in human saliva. This proved to be specific for human saliva using immunochemical investigations such as enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, Ouchterlony method and counter-immunoelectrophoresis. By licht and electron microscope studies with immunohistochemical techniques using this human saliva-Specific P4-5C as primary antibody, it was shown that P4-5C reacted specifically and exclusively with mucus from the mucous gland cells of human salivary glands. P4-5C reacted neither with the mucous gland cells of other primates (hamadryas baboon, Japanese monkey and Rhesus monkey) and four mammals (dog, cat, rabbit and mouse) nor with other human tissues. The epitope on the core portion of the ABO(H)-carrying protein was defined by P4-5C and could be discriminated from the epitope of ABO(H) blood group antigens using immunoelectronmicroscopy, although these 2 epitopes were localized relatively close to each other. The P4-5C monoclonal antibody can be also used for morphological species identification of tissue specimens from submandibular glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01369717
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ABO blood grouping of bloodstains by sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibody specific for human red cell band 3 (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1993), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: ABO blood groupin ; Contaminated bloodstains ; Sandwich ELISA ; Monoclonal antibody ; Red cell membrane band 3 ; ABO-Blutgruppenbestimmung ; Kontaminierte Blutspuren ; Sandwich ELISA ; Monoklonale Antikörper ; Erythrozytenmembran-Bande 3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: usammenfassung Die ABO-Blutgruppenbestimmung an menschlichen Blutspuren wurde mit Hilfe einer ELISA-Sandwichtechnik durchgeführt, indem ein Species-spezifischer monoklonaler Antikörper gegen die aminoterminale zytoplasmatische Domäne der menschlichen Erythrozytenmembran-Bande 3 benutzt wurde. In einem Blindversuch wurden alle A-, B- und O-Blutspuren (ein 1 cm langer Faden) und AB-Blutspuren (ein 1,5 cm langer Faden) mit dieser Methode richtig bestimmt. Auch wenn Blutspuren mit anderen Körperflüssigkeiten kontaminiert waren (z. B. Sperma, Speichel) wurden lediglich die ABO-Blutgruppen-Epitope auf der Bande 3 der Erythrozytenmembran nachgewiesen. Auf diese Weise konnte die Identifikation menschlichen Blutes und die Blutgruppenbestimmung von Blutspuren, welche mit anderen Körperflüssigkeiten kontaminiert waren, simultan mit dieser Methode durchgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary ABO blood grouping of human bloodstains was performed by a sandwich ELISA using a species-specific monoclonal antibody to the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of human red cell membrane band 3. In a blind trial, all A, B and O bloodstains (a 1 cm long thread) and AB bloodstains (a 1.5 cm long thread) were accurately typed by this method. Even when bloodstains were contaminated by other body fluids (e.g., semen and saliva), only the ABO blood group epitopes on band 3 of the red cell membrane were detected. Thus, identification of human blood and ABO blood grouping of bloodstains which were contaminated by other body fluids could be simultaneously performed by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642795
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