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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 7341-7348 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because of the high rate of spontaneous remission, treatment of membranous nephropathy with prednisolone and chlorambucil is still controversial. The aim of this study was to give this therapy only to those patients at risk of developing renal insufficiency and to test the efficacy of a low-dose therapeutic regimen. Seventeen patients with more than 10 g protein excretion per day (mean 16.9) and/or a deterioration in renal function (mean serum creatinine, 162 μmol/l) were included. Serum total protein, serum lipids, proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood pressure were measured, along with the diuretic and antihypertensive medication. The observation time before the start of treatment was 27 ± 27 months. Steroids were given during months 1, 3, and 5 (methylprednisolone 3 × 500 mg intravenously) prednisolone 0.5 mg/kgBW daily per os for 1 week, then tapered by 0.1 mg/kg BW/week for 1 month. Chlorambucil was given during months 2, 4, and 6 at a dose of 0.12 mg/kgBW daily. At the end of treatment proteinuria had significantly decreased (mean of all patients, 7.8 ± 1.4 g/d) in all patients. Six months after the end of treatment proteinuria was significantly lower than at baseline in 14 of 17 patients. Hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia had improved; diuretic and antihypertensive medication were reduced. Elevated serum creatinine decreased in 7 of 9 patients (pretreatment, 227 ± 39 μmol/1; 6 months, 176 ± 28 μmol/l). Nonresponders with respect to serum creatinine responded with respect to proteinuria. Regarding adverse effects, two patients complained of dyspepsia while taking steroids; during chlorambucil treatment two patients experienced nausea and lack of appetite, and one developed leukopenia (1600/μl). Chlorambucil was stopped and cell counts normalized 2 weeks later. We conclude that low-dose prednisolone/chlorambucil is both safe and efficient in the majority of patients with severe membranous nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 54 (1992), S. 153-176 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 21 (1993), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einsatz von Antibiotika bei schwerer akuter Pankreatitis (Stadium II und III) ist indiziert, da bakterielle Komplikationen häufigste Todesursache sind. Ceftazidim wurde hinsichtlich seiner Permeation in das Pankreassekret, in gesundes und chronisch entzündetes Pankreasgewebe sowie in nekrotische Areale bei schwerer Pankreatitis des Menschen untersucht. Im Pankreassekret fand sich 60 Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 35 mg/kg eine Spitzenkonzentration von 12,9±5,9 mg/l. Das sind 32% des korrespondierenden Serumspiegels. Die Gewebespiegel variierten, in Abhängigkeit vom Enzündungsstadium, zwischen 9 und 79% der jeweiligen Serumkonzentration. Auch in Pankreasnekrosen ließen sich nach fünftägiger Behandlung (3 × 2 g) Ceftazidimspiegel zwischen 1,8 und 6,9 mg/kg nachweisen. Somit sind in allen untersuchten Kompartimenten ausreichend hohe, antibakterielle Wirkspiegel nach Gabe von Ceftazidim in therapeutischer Dosierung nachweisbar, so daß sich aus pharmakokinetischer Sicht Ceftazidim als ein potentiell geeignetes Präparat bei Pankreatitis anbietet.
    Notes: Summary The use of antibiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (stage II and III) is indicated since bacterial complications are the most common cause of death in these patients. In the present study the penetration of ceftazidime into pancreatic juice, into healthy and chronically inflamed pancreatic tissue as well as into necrotic regions in cases of severe acute pancreatitis was investigated. A peak concentration of 12.9±5.9 mg/l was found 60 min after intravenous administration of 35 mg/kg of the drug, which is 32% of the corresponding serum levels. Pancreatic tissue concentrations varied between 9 and 79% of the corresponding serum levels, depending on the stage of inflammation. After five days of antibiotic treatment with doses of 2 g t.i.d., concentrations between 1.8 and 6.9 mg/kg were detected even in pancreatic necroses. This suggests that sufficient antibacterial levels of ceftazidime were present in all pancreatic compartments analyzed following administration of common therapeutic dosages. Therefore, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, ceftazidime could be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 26-29 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. S120 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Kidney ; Antihypertensive drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antihypertensive therapy influences kidney function by different mechanisms depending on the mode of action of the drug used. The GFR is improved by calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors, unaffected by vasodilators, α-blockers and centrally acting sympatholytics and impaired by β-blockers. The same is true for renal blood flow and is due to changes of renal vascular resistance. Renal sodium excretion is impaired mostly by vasodilators, by α-blockers, sympatholytics and β-blockers; in contrast, calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors acutely induce natriuresis. The RAAS is stimulated by vasodilators, unaffected by α-blockers and sympatholytics and suppressed by β-blockers. Plasma catecholamines are stimulated by vasodilators and suppressed by centrally acting sympatholytics and unaffected by the others. Induction of acute renal functional impairment is reported for ACE inhibitors under conditions of compromised renal perfusion pressure such as in renal artery stenosis. These data from the literature reviewed are supported by our own experimental data on sodium balance under different drugs and micropuncture data in experimental renal artery stenosis. To achieve effective antihypertensive treatment with a low profile of side effects, careful monitoring of renal function seems to be mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1438-1439 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transplant international 3 (1990), S. 113-115 
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Tuberculosis ; in renal transplantation — Renal transplantation ; tuberculosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Disseminated mycobacterial infections occurred in two female renal graft recipients late after transplantation. In the first patient, initially presenting with fever, diagnosis was made at autopsy. Temporary defervescence following antibiotic therapy with ofloxacin possibly contributed to the fatal diagnostic delay. In the second case, body temperature was normal throughout the protracted course of the patient's illness. Her presenting symptom was rapidly increasing ascites, attributed initially to chronic liver disease. These cases demonstrate that tuberculosis remains a serious complication after renal transplantation, in particular due to its sometimes atypical clinical manifestations. Response to antibacterial therapy has to be critically evaluated in order to avoid fatal diagnostic delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 35 (1990), S. 961-968 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: electrogastrography ; pregnancy ; vomiting ; spectral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastric dysrhythmias have been recorded from patients with a variety of nausea syndromes. The aim of this study was to measure gastric myoelectric activity in women with and without nausea during the first trimester of pregnancy. In 32 pregnant women gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 30–45 min with cutaneous electrodes that yielded electrogastrograms (EGGs). Frequencies of the EGG waves were analyzed visually and by computer. Subjects rated their nausea at the time of EGG recording on a visual analog scale with 0 representing no nausea and 300 mm severe nausea. Gastric dysrhythmias were found in 26 pregnant subjects: Seventeen had tachygastrias (EGG frequencies of 4–9 cpm),five had 1- to 2-cpm EGG waves, and four had flat-line patterns. Mean nausea scores of the subjects with tachygastrias, 1- to 2-cpm, and flat-line patterns were 64.8±13, 93.4±23, and 77.2±36, respectively. Six pregnant subjects had normal 3-cpm EGG patterns, and their nausea scores averaged 2.8±1.1 (P〈0.05 compared with nausea scores in subjects with tachygastrias, 1- to 2-cpm, and flat-line rhythms). Six subjects with gastric dysrhythmias during pregnancy were restudied after delivery; each of these subjects had normal 3-cpm EGG patterns and none had nausea. Thus, gastric dysrhythmias are objective pathophysiologic events associated with symptoms of nausea reported during the first trimester of pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cell sap ; chloride ; fertilizer ; potassium ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; solute potential ; source: sink ; sulphate ; tuber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In pot experiments with Solanum tuberosum L. (cv Saturna) the application of KCl as compared to K2SO4 delayed tuber development. The solute composition of leaves of the KCl treated plants was significantly lower in K+ and NO3 -, but higher in Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl-. Since the solute potential in the KCl treated plants was more negative and associated with a higher water content, a higher turgor pressure can be assumed. This could explain the enhanced shoot growth observed with KCl. Application of K2SO4, on the other hand, accelerated the development of tubers. This might result from a less competitive shoot sink in K2SO4 treated plants and a stimulated phloem loading and translocation of assimilates by higher concentrations of leaf-K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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