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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 26 (1993), S. 2520-2523 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: C-peptide ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin secretion ; MELAS ; mitochondrial gene mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent evidence suggests possible linkage between diabetes mellitus and mitochondrial gene mutation. We surveyed mitochondrial tRNALEU(UUR) (3243) mutation in 7 mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episode (MELAS) families and identified 24 mutated subjects (7 MELAS probands and 17 non-MELAS relatives) as well as 11 non-mutant family members. An OGTT in the 24 mutant relatives revealed 14 diabetic subjects, 3 with impaired glucose tolerance and 7 with normal glucose tolerance and all non-mutant family members as having normal glucose tolerance. Insulinogenic index was significantly reduced in the mutant diabetic subjects and those with impaired and normal glucose tolerance in comparison with the normal control subjects and the non-mutant members. Urinary 24-h C-peptide immunoreactivity excretion was markedly reduced in the mutant diabetic subjects and those with normal and impaired glucose tolerance, compared with the control subjects and the non-mutant family members. Plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity 6 min after glucagon injection was markedly reduced in the mutant diabetic subjects and those with normal and impaired glucose tolerance compared with the control subjects and the non-mutant family members. Si, an index of insulin sensitivity of the four mutant subjects was within normal range. Islet cell antibodies were negative in sera of eight mutated diabetic subjects, 2 and 6 with impaired and normal glucose tolerance, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy were demonstrated in 7 (50%) and 12 (85.7%) of 14 mutant diabetic subjects, respectively. Neurosensory deafness was demonstrated in 12 (85.7%) of 14 mutated diabetic subjects, (66.7%) of 3 mutated impaired glucose tolerant subjects, but not detected in 6 mutated normal glucose tolerant subjects and 11 non-mutant family members. These findings suggest that the tRNALEU(UUR) mutation is associated with pancreatic beta-cell secretory defect of insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words C-peptide, diabetes mellitus, insulin secretion, MELAS, mitochondrial gene mutation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent evidence suggests possible linkage between diabetes mellitus and mitochondrial gene mutation. We surveyed mitochondrial tRNALEU(UUR) (3243) mutation in 7 mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episode (MELAS) families and identified 24 mutated subjects (7 MELAS probands and 17 non-MELAS relatives) as well as 11 non-mutant family members. An OGTT in the 24 mutant relatives revealed 14 diabetic subjects, 3 with impaired glucose tolerance and 7 with normal glucose tolerance and all non-mutant family members as having normal glucose tolerance. Insulinogenic index was significantly reduced in the mutant diabetic subjects and those with impaired and normal glucose tolerance in comparison with the normal control subjects and the non-mutant members. Urinary 24-h C-peptide immunoreactivity excretion was markedly reduced in the mutant diabetic subjects and those with normal and impaired glucose tolerance, compared with the control subjects and the non-mutant family members. Plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity 6 min after glucagon injection was markedly reduced in the mutant diabetic subjects and those with normal and impaired glucose tolerance compared with the control subjects and the non-mutant family members. Si, an index of insulin sensitivity of the four mutant subjects was within normal range. Islet cell antibodies were negative in sera of eight mutated diabetic subjects, 2 and 6 with impaired and normal glucose tolerance, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy were demonstrated in 7 (50 %) and 12 (85.7 %) of 14 mutant diabetic subjects, respectively. Neurosensory deafness was demonstrated in 12 (85.7 %) of 14 mutated diabetic subjects, (66.7 %) of 3 mutated impaired glucose tolerant subjects, but not detected in 6 mutated normal glucose tolerant subjects and 11 non-mutant family members. These findings suggest that the tRNALEU(UUR) mutation is associated with pancreatic beta-cell secretory defect of insulin. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 818–825]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Cerebral ischemia ; Albumin ; Synapsin I ; Microtubule-associated protein 2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the extravasation of serum albumin using immunohistochemistry in three different conditions, i.e., infarction, selective neuronal death and selective loss of presynaptic terminals following cerebral ischemia in gerbils. In selective neuronal death, which is typically found in the CA1 neurons of the hippocampus after 5-min bilateral cerebral ischemia, selective damage of postsynaptic components with intact presynaptic sites was demonstrated by immunohistochemical examination for microtubule-associated protein 2 and synapsin I, and albumin extravasation did not become apparent before postsynaptic structures were destroyed. In cerebral infarction, which was consistently observed in the thalamus after 15-min forebrain ischemia, massive albumin extravasation was visible early after ischemia due probably to the ischemic endothelial necrosis. In selective loss of presynaptic terminals, which was detected at the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in the contralateral, nonischemic hippocampus after unilateral cerebral ischemia, immunoreaction for albumin was not visualized. Since endothelium and glial cells were intact in morphological aspects in selective damage of both pre- and postsynaptic sites, it was thought that extravasation was facilitated by the stimulation of endothelial cells and glial cells with unknown factors that were induced by the destruction of post- but not presynaptic elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gerbil ; Cerebral ischemia ; Vasogenic brain edema ; Immunohistochemistry ; Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the temporal profile of the extravasation of serum albumin in a reproducible gerbil model of unilateral cerebral ischemia, using immunohistochemical and dye-tracer techniques to evaluate albumin accumulation and the occurrence of active extravasation, respectively. After 30 min of cerebral ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, immunostaining for albumin became visible in the lateral part of the thalamus during the first 3 h, and then expanded to other brain regions up to 24 h. At both 24 h and 3 days after reperfusion, massive extravasation of albumin was noted in the whole ischemic hemisphere, and this had decreased again by 7 days after reperfusion. The extent and the degree of albumin immunopositivity were almost the same in all animals examined at each period after reperfusion. The extravasation of Evans blue, which was allowed to circulate for 30 min before death, was limited to the lateral part of the thalamus during the first 6 h of reperfusion. In the circumscribed area of massive albumin extravasation, many neurons were immunopositive for albumin; most of these neurons appeared to be intact and also showed immunostaining for microtubule-associated protein 2. The current investigation clearly demonstrated that (1) albumin extravasation was produced with reliable reproducibility in this model, (2) the lateral part of the thalamus was the region most vulnerable to ischemic blood-brain barrier damage, and (3) many apparently intact neurons in the ischemic region were positive for albumin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 1981-1994 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular-dynamics simulations of liquid methanol have been carried out at two temperatures (T=300 and 200 K) to investigate the dynamics of hydrogen bonding. The mean lifetime of hydrogen bonds (defined in terms of a time-averaged pair energy) is calculated and found to be 5–7 ps at 300 K, through the results depend on the averaging time used in the hydrogen bond definition. At 200 K the lifetime becomes much longer, by one order of magnitude or more. A bonding state is defined for each molecule according to the number of hydrogen bonds, and the mean lifetime of the states and the rate constants of transition between states are calculated. Molecules with two hydrogen bonds have much longer lifetimes than expected from the assumption that forming and breaking of hydrogen bonds occur randomly. Bonding autocorrelation and state autocorrelation functions are calculated, which enable us to have another definition of lifetimes and to discuss the way in which local diffusion occurs near molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 809-812 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In high-power AlGaAs window structure lasers with a window grown on facets (WGF) structure, dependence of window effects on Al content of the window layer is examined. When the Al content of the window layer is more than that of the cladding layer, the window effects are found. But, in other cases, the window effects do not occur. A calculation of a carrier leakage from the active layer to the window layer is performed. From the result, we deduce that the reduction of the window effects is caused by the carrier leakage. In the WGF laser with the confirmed window effects, a maximum output power of 350 mW is achieved and highly reliable operation under 100 mW at 50 °C beyond 10000 h is attained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5346-5348 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Soft-magnetic properties of Fe/Al compositionally modulated multilayer films prepared in the low argon pressure of 2 mTorr with double target dc magnetron sputtering have been studied. Characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to artificial structure on [Fe(4–50 A(ring))/Al(8 A(ring))]150 multilayer films were observed. Maintaining a constant Al layer thickness of 8 A(ring), the coercivity in the hard axis rapidly decreases from 50 Oe to 〈1 Oe as the Fe layer thickness increases from 4 to 24 A(ring). When the Fe/Al thickness ratio is around 3, minimum coercivity was obtained. In the region of bilayer thickness ratio δFe/δAl 〈 3.0, the Ms per Fe unit volume decreases with decreasing δFe/δAl. The higher resistivity was obtained in the films of δFe/δAl 〈 3.0, and resistivity decreases as δFe/δAl increases. The internal film stress also decreases as δFe/δAl increases. The [Fe(20 A(ring))/Al(8 A(ring))]150 multilayer film exhibited a low coercivity 0.5 Oe, a high saturation magnetization 1210 emu/cm3, and a high resistivity 119 μΩ cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5655-5657 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mn60−xAl40Nix ternary alloy films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering, and their crystallographic characteristics and magnetic properties have been investigated. The τ and κ phases were synthesized at a Ni content of below 7 at. % and above 10 at. %, respectively, and the mixture of both phases were synthesized at a Ni content of about 7.9 at. %. The lattice constant a of tetragonal structure in the films increased from 3.98 to 4.12 A(ring), and c decreased from 3.48 to 3.21 A(ring) with the increase of Ni content. The Ms for the τ phase increased from 120 to 240 emu/cc by a few percent Ni substitution. Mn-Al-Ni films with single τ phase showed anisotropic characteristics in the magnetization curve due to the preferential orientation of the c axis for tetragonal crystallite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5172-5174 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: MnAl thin films with additives were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. The ferromagnetic τ phase was obtained in the composition of Mn60Al40, which is Mn rich by 6 at. % as compared with the τ-phase bulk one. Excess Mn atoms are considered to occupy the Al site and cause the reduction in saturation magnetization Ms to one-fourth of the bulk one because of their antiparallel spin orientation. We tried to add Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ag separately to replace the antiparallelly oriented Mn atoms in order to increase Ms. A few atomic percent additions of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu brought 1.7–2.5 times the increase in Ms (i.e., 200–300 G), with the increase of Hc as well except that with the Cu addition. Further addition brought a sharp decrease in Hc. Different types of crystal orientation were observed regarding the film thickness and the kind of additives. For a τ-phase film thinner than 0.3 μm, (111) orientation was observed in every additive. In this case the easy magnetization axis, which is the c axis in the tetragonal structure, is neither in the film plane nor normal to the film plane. Consequently, magnetically isotropic films were obtained. For thicker ones than 0.3 μm, the addition of elements with an atomic radius smaller than that of Mn (i.e., Ni, Co, Fe) directed (110) to the normal plane, and therefore longitudinally magnetically oriented films were obtained. The crystallographic and magnetic properties as a function of anneal temperature were also evaluated and found practically to be invariable with the temperature under 250 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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