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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of bile acid therapy for gallstone dissolution: a meta-analysis of randomized trials (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To define better the efficacy of bile acid therapy for dissolution of radiolucent gallstones, we performed a meta-analysis of published trials from January 1966 to September 1992. Studies were identified using a MEDLINE computer search followed by an extensive manual search. The inclusion criteria used were: randomized trial, radiolucent gallstones in a visualizing gallbladder on oral cholecystography, and complete stone dissolution confirmed by oral cholecystography or ultrasound. Study results were pooled into 6 groups: placebo: high- and low-dose chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) (≥10 mg.kg/day and 〈 10 mg.kg/day); high- and low-dose ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (〈 7 mg. kg/day and 〈 7 mg. kg/day) and combined CDCA plus UDCA. Homogeneity calculations were performed and the percentage of complete stone dissolution calculated for each group with 95% confidence intervals. Of 66 trials identified, 23 comprising 1949 patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1062 patients were treated with CDCA, 819 with UDCA and 78 combination therapy. In studies 〉 6 months' duration, high-dose UDCA completely dissolved stones in 37.3% of patients (95% C.I. 33–42%), low-dose UDCA in 20.6%) and high-dose CDCA 18.2% (95% C.I. 15–21%). Based on only two studies, combination therapy achieved dissolution in 62.8% (95% C.I. 51–74%) of patients. Stones less than 10 mm dissolved significantly more frequently than stones larger than 10 mm. This analysis shows that UDCA in doses greater than 7 mg. kg/day taken for greater than 6 months will dissolve radiolucent gallstones in 38% of patients. The combination of UDCA and CDCA may be more efficacious but this observation is based upon only 78 patients and requires confirmation in further randomized trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00082.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary tamm-horsfall protein as a marker of renal transplant function (1994)
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1994), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Kidney transplantation ; Tamm-Horsfall protein ; Acute tubular necrosis ; Rejection episodes ; Cytomegalovirus infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a total of 428 urine samples collected from 15 patients aged between 23 and 60 years after cadaveric kidney transplantation during a postoperative hospital stay, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) was quantitatively determined using theELIAS SYNELISA-THP immunoassay. All patients were treated with azathioprine, cyclosporine, prednisolone, given an intraoperative high-dose single antilymphocyte globulin bolus and discharged with functioning grafts. In clinically uncomplicated courses, even after immediate transplant function, the recovery of graft function took on average 7 days. Thereafter the urinary THP excretion was relatively stable and amounted, on average, to 14.5 ± 4.9 mg/24 h (i.e. was at the lower limit of normal urinary THP excretion). In cases of delayed onset of graft function of undetermined origin accompanied by extremely reduced urinary THP excretion, the functional recovery, whether spontaneous or brought about by treatment, was characterized by a continuous increase in urinary THP excretion. In connection with interstitial rejections urinary THP excretion seems not to be a recommendable diagnostic parameter. Daily measurement of urinary THP is, however, suitable for monitoring the functional state of transplanted kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571838
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonsingular toughening and R-curve behavior in nominally pure alumina (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 59 (1993), S. 361-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Moire interferometry is employed to study toughening in medium to large grain size nominally pure alumina. The fracture scale length, which is characterized by the grain size of the alumina, is systematically varied from 35 to 102 μm. R curves are derived from bulk mode I compliance calculations for the differing grain sizes and from the near tip moire fringes. The level of material toughening that arises from the nonsingular processes of crack bridging and grain boundary friction are found by comparing the bulk and near tip moire R curves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034564
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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