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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic-field-effect three-terminal device based on YBa2Cu3O7−δ grain boundary junctions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 1843-1845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-terminal YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film devices based on a parallel array of grain boundary Josephson junctions were fabricated. The multiloop superconducting device is controlled by the magnetic field generated by a current Ictrl, which modulates the critical current Ic through the Josephson junction array. For these devices a current gain ranging between 2 at 77 K and 5 at 30 K was obtained. The spatial homogeneity of the device properties was studied by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and by the determination of the supercurrent correlation function. Comparing the measured and the theoretically expected supercurrent correlation function shows that the device characteristics agree well with those expected from the device geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356326
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting transport properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x bicrystal grain boundary junctions (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 996-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed a detailed study of the superconducting transport properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x bicrystal grain boundary junctions (GBJs). The GBJs were fabricated by the deposition of c-axis oriented epitaxial Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates. The measured resistive transition R(T), the current-voltage characteristics (IVCs), the temperature dependence of the critical current density Jc(T), and the magnetic field dependence of the critical current Ic(B) of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x GBJs are similar to those observed for YBa2Cu3O7−δ GBJs. However, for the same misorientation angle the magnitude of Jc is almost an order of magnitude smaller for the BSCCO-GBJs. The R(T) dependencies and the IVCs of the BSCCO-GBJs are close to the prediction of the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model. The Ic(B) dependencies are close to those of large Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. Our results show that BSCCO-GBJs may be useful for cryoelectronic applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109818
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic field dependence of the critical current in YBa2Cu3O7−δ bicrystal grain boundary junctions (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 783-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed a detailed study of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current, Ic(B), of YBa2Cu3O7−δ bicrystal grain boundary junctions (GBJs). GBJs with width W much larger than the Josephson penetration depth λJ show Ic(B) dependencies that are close to those of ideal large Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. The Ic(B) dependencies are symmetrical with respect to B=0 and Ic decreases linearly with increasing applied magnetic field for B≤BJ1, where BJ1 is the lower critical field of the GBJ. Furthermore, Ic(B=0) increases linearly with increasing width of the GBJs as expected for Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. From the measured Ic(B) dependencies the temperature dependence of BJ1 and the London penetration depth could be derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108578
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the critical current density and flux trapping in YBa2Cu3O7−δ ramp-edge Josephson junctions (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the spatial distribution of the critical current density in YBa2Cu3O7−δ ramp edge Josephson junctions using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Applying this technique allows the imaging of the critical current density distribution with a spatial resolution of about 1 μm. Our measurements show that the geometry of the ramp-edge junction eases the trapping of magnetic flux quanta in the YBa2Cu3O7−δ layer covering the ramp edge. These trapped flux quanta result in a spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field parallel to the barrier layer, which in turn results in a spatially modulated supercurrent density and an unusual magnetic field dependence of the critical current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111516
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IR-Spectroscopic investigations on phosphated galvanized steel (1994)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 116 (1994), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy ; infrared reflection spectroscopy ; FT-IR ; conversion coating ; phosphate coating ; galvanized steel ; hopeite ; phosphophyllite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hopeite-type phosphate coatings in which zinc is replaced by other metals like nickel, manganese and magnesium are of great interest as conversion coatings on galvanized steel in the automotive and appliance industries. The analytical characterization of such coatings produced in special processes is not possible by XRD because the different types of hopeite are isomorphic. In this paper it is shown that the kind of metal substitution is responsible for certain specific features in the infrared reflection spectra. Furthermore the structural changes caused by dehydration due to heating of the coatings were studied and differences in the thermal stability of the different coatings thus could be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244068
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase staining in rat and human pancreas: influence of fixation (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, we wished to clarify the distribution and co-localization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in nerve cells, nerve fibres and parenchymal cells in exocrine and endocrine pancreas, and to assess the influence of fixation on the staining pattern obtained. For this purpose, we applied nitric oxide synthase immunocytochemistry and NADPH-d histochemistry to rat and human pancreas under different fixation conditions. Antibodies to neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were similarly applied. We found complete co-localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-d in ganglion cells, and in nerve fibres around acini, excretory ducts, blood vessels and in islets of Langerhans of rat and human pancreas. Immunoreactivity for endothelial nitric oxide synthase was co-localized with NADPH-d in endothelial cells. However, in NADPH-d reactive islet and ductal epithelial cells we could detect neither brain nor endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity with any fixation protocol applied. There were marked differences in NADPH-d staining of both neurons and parenchymal cells under different fixation conditions. These results indicate the existence of different types of NADPH-d, which are associated or not associated with nitric oxide synthase(s), and which are differently influenced by various fixation procedures in rat and human pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268906
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in mast cells of human nasal mucosa (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide (NO)-synthase immunoreactivity has been detected for the first time in mast cells of human normal nasal mucosa, with an antibody specific for neuronal NO-synthase. Intense immunoreactivity was revealed in secretion granules of mast cells but was found in mast cell granules free in the extracellular matrix only in some instances; no reactivity was found in the cytoplasm of this or other cell types. These findings suggest that human nasal mast cells contain a particulate isoform of NO-synthase, which shares epitopes with neuronal NO-synthase and is rapidly removed from granules upon exocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addition von α-Ketoenaminen an 2-Acetyl-p-benzochinon (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition of α-Ketoenamines to 2-Acetyl-p-benzoquinoneAddition of 2-morpholino-2-cyclohex-1-en-one 2 to 2-acetyl-quinone 1 yields benzo[c][4 H]chromen-4,7,10-trion 4 which is unstable and rearranges to 5. 4 is converted to 3-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-morpholino-2-cyclohex-1-en-on 3 thermically and to dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-on 7 acid catalyzed. The structure of 7 is secured by independent synthesis. Dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-on 14 is the product of reaction from 2-(p-toluidino)-2-cyclohex-1-en-on 9 and 1 with benzo[c][4 H]chromen-4,7,10-trion 10 as intermediate. By proton catalysis 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-carbazol-1-on 13 and 4-oxo-cyclohexa[c]isochinolinium hydrochlorid 15 is obtained from 10. 1 H-cyclopenta[d]furan-3-on 17 is formed by addition of 2-(p-toluidino)-2-cyclopent-1-en-on 16 to 1. It is rearranged by proton catalysis to 3-oxo-1 H-cyclopenta[c]isochinolinium salt 18. Reaction of cyclopentan-1,2-dione and 1 yields 3 aH-cyclopenta[c]isochromen-3,6,9-trion 20, rearranging to 1 H-cyclopenta[b]benzo[d]furan-3-on 21. The stereochemistry of adducts is discussed in connection with the course of the reaction, spectroscopical evidence, molecular modelling and calculation of HOMO/LUMO and AO-coefficients.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19933350407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subjektive und objektive Bewertung der funktionellen Behandlungsergebnisse nach kombiniert kieferorthopädischkieferchirurgischen Maßnahmen (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 52 (1991), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The status of temporomandibular joint and muscle function was examined in a group of 22 adult patients, who underwent combined orthodontic and surgical treatment. Even though nearly all patients were very content with the results of the therapy, 2/3 showed a rather reduced movement of the condyle after mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. The causing factors are: arthrosis, permanent displacement of the disc or a change of muscle function after surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 22 kombiniert kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgisch behandelten Patienten wurde der Einfluß dieser Therapie auf Kaumuskeln und Gelenkfunktion untersucht. Unabhängig davon, daß fast alle Patienten mit dem Behandlungsergenis sehr zufrieden waren, zeigte sich bei etwa zwei Drittel der Untersuchten nach sagittaler Spaltung im Unterkiefer eine deutliche Bewegungseinschränkung der Kondylen. Als Ursache kommt neben einer arthrotischen Veränderung eine permanente Diskusverlagerung oder eine postoperative Änderung der neuromuskulären Funktion in Betracht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164709
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur des Tetrakis(di-tert.-butylphosphino)diphosphans. [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 607 (1992), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tetrakis(di-tert.-butylphosphino)diphosphane ; [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of Tetrakis(di-tert.-butylphosphino)diphosphane [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2[(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 1 obtained at -20°C from a solution of (tBu)2P—P=P(Br)tBu2 forms yellow crystals (regular hexagons). 1 crystallizes monoclinic in the space group C2/c with a = 2145.6pm, b = 1137pm, c = 1696.1pm, β = 110.075° and Z = 4 formula units in the elementary cell. Due to high steric load the bond angles at the tertiary P atoms with δ = 115.7° are significantly larger than those at the primary P atoms with δ = 108.6°.
    Notes: [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 1 sich aus (tBu)2P—P(Br)tBu2 (toluolische Lösung, -20°C) und fällt als gelbe Kristalle (regelmäßige Sechsecke) aus. 1 kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 2145,6pm, b = 1137pm, c = 1696pm, β = 110,75°. Die Elementarzelle enthält 4 Formeleinheiten. Die Bindungswinkel an den tertiären P-Atomen mit δ = 115,7° sind infolge der hohen sterischen Belastung der tert. P-Atome gegenüber denen an den primären P-Atomen mit δ = 108,6° deutlich aufgeweitet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926070106
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