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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of disulfide bonds in determining the rheological and microstructural properties of heat-induced protein networks from ovalbumin and vicilin (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 39 (1991), S. 1378-1385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00008a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance modeling of single-inlet aerosol sampling cyclones (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 27 (1993), S. 1842-1848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00046a012
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of salts on the microstructural and rheological properties of heat-induced protein networks from ovalbumin and vicilin (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 38 (1990), S. 1335-1343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00096a008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimistic Bias Among Cigarette Smokers (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Smokers, unlike other populations engaging in risky behavior, readily acknowledge that tobacco use increases their susceptibility to smoking-related illness. This study used data from the Adult Use of Tobacco Survey to demonstrate that smokers, while acknowledging increased risk for illness, still show evidence of an optimistic bias in their perception of the hazards of their usual brand of cigarette. Optimism was assessed, first, by grouping respondents by perceived cigarette hazards (higher, lower, or about the same as others), and, second, by comparing Federal Trade Comission (FTC)-calculated and respondent-estimated cigarette tar levels. An optimistic bias was observed in all assessments. Perceived cigarette risk was not related to desire to stop smoking, if an easy way to do so were available, nor was it related to the number of previous quit attempts lasting one week or longer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01051.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preserved Recognition Memory for Small Sets, and Impaired Stimulus Identification for Large Sets, Following Rhinal Cortex Ablations in Monkeys (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seven cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) performed a series of tasks designed to assess their visual memory and their ability to identify visual stimuli. Preoperatively they were trained and tested in delayed and simultaneous matching-to-sample, both with a large stimulus set and with a small stimulus set; there were ∼500 million possible stimuli in the large set, which effectively means that stimuli were trial-unique with this set, while in the small set there were only four stimuli, which appeared repeatedly in every session of training with the small set. Three of the monkeys then had the cortex within and adjacent to the rhinal sulcus removed bilaterally, while the other four served as an unoperated control group. Postoperatively, the animals with ablation of the rhinal cortex showed severe impairment in delayed matching-to-sample with the large set. With the large set they were also impaired, however, in matching-to-sample with no delay between sample and test (0 s delay) and in simultaneous matching-to-sample, in which the sample and the two choice patterns were simultaneously present for inspection. The impairment in simultaneous matching-to-sample was particularly clear when the task was made more difficult by reducing the physical discriminability of the trial-unique stimuli. With the small set of four stimuli, the animals with rhinal cortex ablation were not significantly impaired in overall performance level in delayed matching-to-sample, though their level was on average below that of the normal control animals. The stimulus set was then further restricted, so that there were now only two stimuli used throughout; in this condition, the animals with rhinal cortex ablation performed delayed matching-to-sample without any suggestion of impairment, showing indistinguishable performance levels from those of the control animals over a range of forgetting intervals. Subsequently, the animals were trained in trial-unique non-matching-to-sample with 0 s delay, which required reversal of the matching-to-sample rule they had previously learned; animals with rhinal cortex ablation showed a clear impairment in this rule-reversal learning. The final experimental task was a concurrent discrimination learning task in which 20 pairs of stimuli were presented once per session; the animals with rhinal cortex ablation learned more slowly than the control animals on average, but the difference between the groups did not attain statistical significance. Overall, this pattern of deficits and of preserved abilities is clearly inconsistent with the idea that rhinal cortex ablation produces an impairment in all forms of visual recognition memory, and only in visual recognition memory. Instead, the present results indicate a general impairment in the capacity for knowledge about visual stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb01008.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of the Amygdala with the Frontal Lobe in Reward Memory (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assessed for their ability to associate visual stimuli with food reward. They learned a series of new two-choice visual discriminations between coloured patterns displayed on a touch-sensitive monitor screen; the feedback for correct choice was delivery of food. Normal learning in this task is known to be dependent on the amygdala. The monkeys received brain lesions which were designed to disconnect the amygdala from interaction with other brain structures thought to be involved in this memory task. All the monkeys received an amygdalectomy in one hemisphere and lesions in the other hemisphere of some of the projection targets of the amygdala, namely the ventral striatum, the mediodorsal thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The rate of learning new problems was assessed before and after each operation. Disconnection of the amygdala from the ventral striatum was without effect on learning rate. An earlier study had shown that disconnection of the amygdala from either the mediodorsal thalamus or the ventromedial prefrontal cortex produced only a mild impairment, significantly less severe than that produced by bilateral lesions of any of these three structures. The present results show, however, that disconnection of the amygdala from both the mediodorsal thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the same animal, by crossed unilateral lesions of the amygdala in one hemisphere and of both the mediodorsal thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the other hemisphere, produces an impairment as severe as that which follows bilateral lesions of any of these three structures. These results show that, in stimulus – reward associative memory, the role of the amygdala is entirely dependent on its interaction with the frontal lobe, either by direct projections or by indirect subcortical pathways including the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus; and that there are at least two partially independent pathways by which the amygdala can influence the frontal lobe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00948.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological modulation and evasion by helminth parasites in human populations (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 365 (1993), S. 797-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in human communities in developing countries. In an endemic area an infected individual may harbour parasitic worms for most of his or her life, and the ability of these infections to survive immunological attack has long been a puzzle. But new techniques are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365797a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific stroop interference (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Abstinence ; Intrusive thoughts ; Nicotine ; Priming ; Semantic activation ; Stroop interference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult, male smokers were randomly assigned to be nicotine abstinent for 12 h (n=10) or to smoke normally for the same period of time (n=10). Performance on a modified version of the Stroop (1935) color-naming task, where subjects named the color of ink in which each of a series of words was written, showed that abstinent smokers took significantly longer to color-name words related to cigarette smoking (e.g., Lighter) than to color-name neutral control words (e.g., Pennant). Non-abstinent smokers showed a significant difference in the opposite direction. These results suggest that nicotine abstinence decreases the ability to ignore the meaning of smoking-related information. This finding supports the hypothesis that abstinence produces a content-specific shift in attentional focus. The present pattern of results cannot be explained by a general decrease in cognitive function due to nicotine abstinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251289
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rac-Flurbiprofen is more ulcerogenic than its (S)-enantiomer (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 492-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: GI-side effects ; NSAID ; ulcerogenicity ; rac-flurbiprofen enantiomers ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The most common, and sometimes life-threatening, side-effects associated with the human use of the analgesic, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are gastrointestinal. These include gastritis, ulceration, and severe bleeding. The aryl propionic acid class of NSAIDs are among the most widely used of these drugs in the world, including rac-ibuprofen, rac-flurbiprofen, and rac-ketoprofen. Marketed as racemates, it was assumed that the “inactive” (R)-enantiomers, having no cyclooxygenase inhibiting effect, also had no toxic effect. In a 30-day dose response study of (S)-, (R)-, and rac-flurbiprofen given daily over a range of doses the (R)-isomer alone proved to be without apparent gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. On the other hand the racemate proved to be 2 to 4 times as ulcerogenic in enantiomerically equivalent doses as the (S)-enantiomer. These results have significant clinical implications. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050703
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiral pharmacokinetics of rac-flurbiprofen and pharmacodynamics of anabolic bone response in the normal rat (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 6 (1994), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral pharmacokinetics ; rac-flurbiprofen ; rat ; bone pharmacodynamics ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The route of administration of the NSAID, flurbiprofen (sq vs. po) resulted in positive and negative results respectively with regard to enhanced cancellous and cortical bone accumulation in the immature rat. This pharmacokinetic study was an effort to understand the pharmacodynamic difference between the two routes of administration observed when the same dose range of drug, given as single daily doses, had been employed in both studies. Conventional chiral pharmacokinetics were evaluated in young rats. A significant difference was observed in the Tmax of the active (S)-enantiomer by both administration routes (sq 4 h and po 1 h). The bioavailability, as evaluated by AUCs favored the sq route as expected. The plasma concentrations over 18 h, at steady state, for one po dose group (0.5 mg/kg/day) fell well within the therapeutic window described by the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg sq doses which had demonstrated anabolic bone activity. Oral dosing had exhibited no significant bone activity. We conclude that the pharmacodynamic difference between routes of administration cannot be simply explained on a pahrmacokinetic basis. Consequently, experiments detailing the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple dose administration of aryl-propionic acids in normal and osteopenic states need further pharmacologic study. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530060602
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