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  • 1990-1994  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 29 (1994), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A test tunnel for the study of airfoil performances under air/water two-phase flow condition has been designed and constructed. This facility will serve for a better understanding of the flow phenomena and characteristics of hydraulic machinery under gas/ liquid two-phase flow operating conditions. At the test section of the tunnel, a two-dimensional isolated airfoil or a cascade of airfoils is installed in a two-phase inlet flow with a uniform velocity (up to 10 m/s) and void fraction (up to 12%) distribution. The details of the tunnel structure and the measuring systems are described and the basic characteristics of the constructed tunnel are also given. As an example of the test results, void fraction distribution around a test airfoil is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A holographic SiC grating has been fabricated by means of reactive ion beam etching in Ar+CHF3 mixture and by using photoresist as an etching mask. The etch rates of SiC and photoresist depend on the CHF3 concentration in Ar+CHF3 mixture. A maximum value for a ratio of the etch rate of SiC to that of photoresist was found to be 1.29 for 67%Ar+33%CHF3 mixture. Diffraction efficiency of an ion-beam etched grating of 1200 l/mm grooves coated with Au was measured by using synchrotron radiation and the Al kα emission line from an x-ray tube. The diffraction efficiency of the first order was 4.5%–9.3% in the soft x-ray region between 8.34 and 120 A(ring) with a small amount of the higher order and the scattered light components. In addition, it is demonstrated that SiC can be etched in SF6 gas by synchrotron radiation excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 2189-2191 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoexcited etching of SiO2 surface with SF6 gas is studied using undulator radiation at 143 and 251 A(ring) as an extreme ultraviolet light source. The SF6 pressure and the wavelength dependences of the etch rates have been measured for SiO2 in the pressure region between 0.016 and 0.50 Torr. We find that, at these wavelengths, the etch rate is proportional to the intensity of the light absorbed by the surface species, most probably SiO2 in the pressure region studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 487-488 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 838-840 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: To investigate the biological process of aseptic component loosening caused by polyethylene wear debris, nine rabbits were implanted with acrylic cement into the non-weight-bearing intercondylar notch of distal femur. Six animals were administrated the particles of polyethylene into the knee joint repeatedly for 12 weeks. At the bone-cement interface, thin connective tissue was observed, while bone sometimes existed directly next to the acrylic cement. The percentage of the length of interposed fibrous tissue against the total length of bone-cement interface was measured. The percentage was 15.8±10.3 in the polyethylene-injected group and 8.3±7.7 in the control group (no significance). While not significant, the amount was greater in the polyethylene-injected group. Thus it is proposed that the polyethylene particles played a role in bone resorption and fibrous tissue formation at the bone—cement interface. In some specimens, macrophages and foreign body giant cells that surrounded the particles near the articular surface were seen to cause resorption of bone. It is supposed that this phenomenon is similar to the focal osteolysis that is sometimes observed around a prosthetic component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 225-231 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: For biocompatibility evaluation, orthopaedic and dental biomaterials are often implanted into bone after drilling. Bone repair in the drilled hole may be affected by bone damage attributed to drilling, thus influencing the bone response to biomaterials. The drilling parameters (the speed of rotation and irrigation) were investigated histologically. Three holes were drilled in each rabbit tibia with different conditions; three speeds (200, 500 and 5000 r.p.m.) and the use of central irrigation or not. Rabbits were killed immediately, 3 days, 2 weeks or 4 weeks post-operatively. India ink was injected in several rabbits just after drilling to investigate the extent of local ischaemia. The drilling quality was evaluated with regard to hole geometry, initial thermal damage and later bone healing process. For 500 or 200 r.p.m. the initial thermal damage, shown by the degree of ischaemia, was less than for 5000 r.p.m. drilling, but the hole edge was not always cleanly cut. This uneven cut edge was considered not to influence the bone-healing process. Drilling at 200 r.p.m. introduced a lower degree of circularity. The subsequent bone formation was retarded by 5000 r.p.m. drilling, presumably due to thermal damage and vascular obstructions. The irrigation was effective in reducing the ischaemic area. These results suggest that a speed of about 500 r.p.m. may be recommendable for intraosseous implantation of biomaterials. The central irrigation system is considered effective in reducing the ischaemic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 232-236 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: For orthopaedic biomaterial implantation testing, specimens are often implanted into cortical bone defects. The implantation site is assumed to be one of the factors that influence the bone response to biomaterials. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone-healing process in drilled cortical defects at different sites with respect to time. Sheep metatarsus was implemented, since it is a long straight bone with four flat faces. Thus, the different drilling sites were obtained by changing the longitudinal level (proximal, middle and distal) and bone aspect (anterior, lateral and posterior). Metatarsi were obtained at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months post-operatively and with non-decalcified sections the newly formed bone area was measured using a microscope connected to an image analyser. The rate of bone formation was higher in the anterior aspect (P〈0.05). The new bone did not form concentrically from the hole edge towards the centre, and the principal direction of bone growth was different between the anterior and the posterior aspects (P〈0.05). However, there was no difference with respect to the longitudinal axis. These results indicate that the implantation site must be considered when analysing the bone response to biomaterials implanted in cortical defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: For biocompatibility testing, cylindrical specimens are often inserted into drilled cortical defects. However, little attention has been paid to the drilling conditions. Our previous experience revealed that bone formation in drilled cortial defects was delayed by 5000 r.p.m. drilling due to thermal necrosis around the hole compared with 500 r.p.m., and the use of irrigation was effective in reducing the degree of local ischaemia. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of the drilling conditions on bone response to cylindrical porous hydroxyapatite implants. Two holes were drilled in rabbit tibia diaphysis with two different drilling conditions: 500 r.p.m. with irrigation and 5000 r.p.m. without irrigation. Rabbits were killed at 2 or 12 weeks post-operatively. The bone formation on the hole edge, on the implant surface and within the implant pores was investigated. At 2 weeks post-operatively the area of newly formed bone within the implant pores at 500 r.p.m. was significantly greater, whereas there was no difference at 12 weeks. These results indicate that the drilling conditions affect the short-term bone response to the implants. Therefore, the drilling conditions must be taken into consideration when investigating the early bone response to materials implanted into drilled cortical defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 1652-1655 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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