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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 130 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 127 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Topical tretinoin improves mottling and hyperpigmented lesions of photodamaged skin. The basic mechanisms underlying these effects are not known. It is demonstrated that retinoids inhibit the growth and enhance the differentiation of melanoma cells in vitro, and stimulate the constitutive melanogenesis in melanoma cells in vitro. On the other hand, they inhibit hormonally or pharmacologically induced melanogenesis in these cells. Very few data are available concerning the effect of retinoic acid on normal human melanocytes, but there is some inhibition of growth as in melanoma cells. Retinoic acid appears to have little effect on the melanogenesis of normal human melanocytes grown in vitro using serum-free culture medium. Changes in the shape of these melanocytes suggest that retinoic acid acts on cytoskeleton proteins. Further studies, both in vitro and in vivo, are needed to clarify the effects of retinoic acid on melanocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 122 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In subjects older than 25–30 years the number of enzymatically active melanocytes detectable by the dopa reaction decreases by about 10–20% per decade, with exposed skin having approximately twice as many pigment cells as unexposed skin. Chronic exposure to sunlight may stimulate the epidermal melanocyte system rather than accelerating chronological ageing. The number of melanocytic naevi declines with age. Despite the decreased melanocyte density, photoaged skin has irregular pigmentation and, frequently, there is hyperpigmentation. This may be due to greater positivity of dopa of chronically irradiated melanocytes. Heterogeneity in skin colour in exposed areas of skin is due to uneven distribution of pigment cells, a local loss of melanocytes, and a modification in the interactions between melanocytes and keratinocytes. The most common pigmented lesions in sun-exposed skin include ephelides, actinic lentigo, pigmented solar keratoses and seborrhoeic keratoses, and lentigo maligna. The white spots in aged skin are usually stellate pseudoscars or idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis. Greying of the hair is due to progressive loss of melanocytes from the hair follicles. In vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to increase overall understanding of the processes involved and to improve treatment of the pigmentary changes in ageing skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 130 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical assessments of photodamage are based upon a subjective evaluation of characteristic features such as wrinkling and pigmentary change, and are influenced by inter-observer differences in grading criteria. In an effort to standardize the grading of photodamage severity, we have developed a six-point photographic scale in which each of the six grades of overall photodamage severity is depicted by three photographs. The use of three photographs to portray each grade illustrates the diversity and range of manifestations within each grade. This photographic scale was tested by two groups of dermatologists, who used it on two occasions to grade the overall photodamage severity of a single group of female Caucasian subjects. Results indicate high inter-observer agreement, with chance-corrected agreement ranging from 0.44 to 0.63 and from 0.54 to 0.76 on the first and second occasions, respectively. Intra-observer repeatability was high, with chance-corrected agreement ranging from 0.56 to 0.78. Inter- and intra-observer differences were within one category in nearly all cases. Similar grades were assigned by dermatologists with and without experience in treating photodamaged patients. We conclude that application of this scale results in consistent and reproducible clinical evaluations of overall photodamage severity in Caucasian subjects. The scale may be useful in categorizing subjects for epidemiological studies, or in selecting patients for clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 129 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A fully differentiated epithelium displaying features of human epidermis was obtained in vitro by culturing second-passage normal human keratinocytes for 14 days in defined medium and on an inert polycarbonate filter substratum at the air-liquid interface.Vertical sections stained for histology and indirect immunofluorescene studies showed that the‘basal’cells synthesize and secrete all major markers of hemidesmosomes and the lamina lucida. Components of the lamina densa are also expressed. Collagen VII is synthesized, but not secreted. Ultrastructural studies showed the presence of hemidesmosomes with major dense plaques and anchoring filaments, and a basement membrane-like structure was clearly identified.These results show that epidermal cells are able to produce hemidesmosomes and to secrete the major components of the dermo-epidermal junction in the absence of serum and dermal factors, suggesting that basement membrane synthesis and hemidesmosome assembly are not dependent on the presence of dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 125 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a study of the comedolytic action of retinoids on the epidermal pseudocomedones of rhino mouse skin, the earliest changes and the sequence of events induced by the treatment were investigated. Rhino mice were treated topically with alltrans retinoic acid and at various time intervals from day O to 3 weeks, histological and ultrastructural studies as well as quantification of mast cells were performed. The earliest changes occurred in the dermis after 2 days of treatment and were Characterized by degranulation of mast cells, clumping and association of Langerhans cells and lymphocytes. During the second week of treatment there was hyperplasia, hypergranulosis and an increase in the number of membrane coating granules with disorganization of the horny layer both of the epidermis and the follicular epithelium. These changes in the proliferation and the differentiation of keratinocytes resulted in a comedolytic effect. Associated with these epidermal changes there were changes in the dermis with an increased number of mast cells and a decreased number of Langerhans cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 124 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Keratinocytes from a 1-week-old male infant with junctional epidermolysis bullosa letalis (JEBL) were grown in vitro and then grafted as multi-layered epithelia onto nude mice, to investigate whether the defect in the dermo-epidermal cohesiveness in the disease is of epidermal and not mesodermal origin. In culture, there was a birefringent ring of cells at the edges of the keratinocyte colonies and in places some cells looked as though they had been ejected from the periphery of the colony. At confluence, the multi-layered epithelia were easily detached from the culture flasks using only mechanical agitation. On microscopy the fully-differentiated epithelium on days 21, 30 and 40 after grafting sometimes showed blistering at the dermal-epidermal junction. No labelling was noted using a GB3 monoclonal antibody, that reacts with normal human keratinocytes in culture and with the dermo-epidermal basement membrane zone in normal skin. This indicates that the defect of JEBL may be reproduced in culture and also after grafting the cultured epithelia onto a wound without an epidermis. This suggests a possible role for the junctional structure recognized by GB3 in dermo-epidermal cohesiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Kalinin is an extracellular adhesion molecule specific to epithelial basement membranes (BM) identified as a component of anchoring filaments of hemidesmosomes. This heterotrimeric protein is synthesized by cultured normal human keratinocytes and is involved in cell attachment. In indirect immunoriuorescence studies, the epidermal BM of patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) of Herlitz's type were found not to be reactive with the anti-kalinin monoclonal antibodies ka146 and K140 and displayed a decreased immunoreactivity to two anti-kalinin antibodies cross-reacting with K-laminin, an anchoring filament component recently described. The intrinsic defect of JEB keratinocytes in the synthesis of kalinin was further documented by indirect immunofiuorescence on in vitro cultures of these cells. In non-Herlitz JEB patients, staining of BM was constantly detected. Impairment of expression of kalinin correlated with the lack of reactivity to the monoclonal antibody GB3, which delects the BM component nicein/BM600. These results clearly demonstrate a defect of kalinin expression in epithelial basement membranes of Herlitz JEB patients and suggest that kalinin may play a role in the pathogencsis of the disease. Further studies are in progress to define possible relationships between kalinin and nicein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: GB1 monoclonal antibody ; Periderm ; Amnion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From 4 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) until the end of the second trimester (24 weeks EGA) the fetal epidermis is covered by a specialised epithelium, the periderm. The origin and function of periderm remain speculative. We have demonstrated, using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining, that periderm is recognised by a mouse IgM monoclonal antibody (Mab) GB1, which has been raised against a simple extract of human amnion. Immunoelectron microscopy localises GB1 to the amniotic surface of periderm, particularly in association with the microvilli, and also bordering cellular identations of the periderm cells. GB1 antigen (ag) is also expressed by the epithelium of fetal oesophagus, fetal and adult conjunctiva and cornea but is absent in a variety of other fetal and adult tissues including bladder, oral mucosa and thymus. The similar distribution of GB1 ag in both periderm and membranes possibly suggests a common origin and the shared expression with fetal oesophagus and fetal and adult eye may indicate a function related to the fluid environment. We therefore feel that GB1 Mab may be of use in further investigations into the origin, structure and function of human periderm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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