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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray characteristics of a niobium superconducting tunnel junction with a highly transmissive tunnel barrier (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5098-5104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The results of an investigation into the x-ray properties of a superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) are presented. The photoabsorption of an x-ray photon by one of the thin superconducting films of the junction results in the production of quasiparticles, which may subsequently tunnel through the thin oxide barrier into the second superconducting film. The transfer of charge across the barrier is detected, and gives a measure of both the x-ray photon energy and the effective energy gap ε of the superconducting film in which the photoabsorption occurred. A charge output of 55% of the theoretical maximum has been obtained for a niobium-based STJ. Such a charge output indicates a mean energy ε of (approximately-equal-to)4.7 meV is required to create a single charge carrier in the junction such that ε/Δ(approximately-equal-to)3, where 2Δ is the junction energy gap. This is the lowest value of ε/Δ obtained to date for x-ray photoabsorption in STJs. The energy resolution of the device is, however, still poor, with a full width half maximum of (approximately-equal-to)200 eV for 6 keV x rays, compared with the theoretical Fano limited resolution of (approximately-equal-to)4 eV. The principle mechanisms which are believed to degrade the resolution are discussed. These are principally quasiparticle recombination, phonon leakage out of the junction, quasiparticle diffusion into and out of the tunneling region, in addition to possible local variations in the energy gap. A Monte Carlo simulation of the nonequilibrium system has been performed. The results assist in the identification of the major charge loss mechanisms, and indicate various means by which Fano limited resolution may be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353782
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption and reaction of 2-propen-1-ol in H-ZSM-5 (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 2063-2067 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100368a062
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylene polymerization in a H-ZSM-5 zeolite (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 705-709 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100155a040
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Investigation of Framework Substitution of Cobalt into Aluminophosphate-5 Using Electron Spin Resonance and Temperature-Programmed Desorption Measurements (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 10160-10166 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100091a035
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What makes popcorn pop (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 417-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR á- Corn and popcorn belong to the same plant species Zea mays mays1, but only popcorn pops. Previous studies on this question have been restricted to popcorn fruits and have demonstrated that pericarp (hull) and starch are important for popping2' . We compared four ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362417a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic analysis of macrophage activation and specific antibodies in relation to the resistance of heterogeneous mouse populations to MHV3 infection (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 139 (1994), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The genetically selected high antibody responder mice (HIII) are susceptible and the low antibody responder mice (LIII) are resistant to the experimental infection with Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3 (MHV3). The mortality rates of the F1 hybrids and of the F2 segregants showed the codominance of the susceptible and resistant characters. The direct individual intrapopulation correlation between the induction of antiviral state in macrophages activated by IFN gamma and the resistance to the virus infection, showed that an antiviral state could be induced in resistant mouse macrophages, whereas in susceptible mouse macrophages no restriction of virus replication could be observed. A direct inter- and intrapopulation correlation of pre-existing antibody titres against MHV3 with the mortality and a direct interpopulation correlation of those titres with the mean survival time of susceptible animals was shown. The data indicate, among the mechanisms of resistance against the virus infection, a role of IFN gamma macrophage-activation and of antibodies against MHV3 which may delay the mean survival time in susceptible animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310802
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus specificity of the antiviral state induced by IFN gamma correlates with resistance to MHV 3 infection (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 132 (1993), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative study was carried out to investigate the correlation between the antiviral effect induced in macrophages by IFN gamma and the resistance of A/J and BALB/c mice to an experimental infection of MHV 3, MHV 4, and MHVA 59. Both mouse strains were resistant to intraperitoneal infection with MHV 4 or MHVA 59 and only the A/J mice showed resistance to MHV 3, the BALB/c mice being fully susceptible to this virus infection. Comparable growth kinetics, for all three viruses, were observed in both mouse strains, except for the MHV 3 growth in BALB/c mice, where the virus titre increased to a peak on day 2, remaining high until day 4 when the mice died of acute hepatitis. The IFN gamma titres in the peritoneum of mice preceded and correlated with the virus growth, higher titres being found in MHV 3 infected BALB/c mice. The highest titre was always observed 24 to 48 h after infection. Among viral strains grown in cultured macrophages, higher titres were always observed in cultures infected with MHVA 59, followed by MHV 3 and the lowest those infected with MHV 4. The macrophage activation by IFN gamma-induced a partial restriction of virus growth only in MHV 3 infected A/J mouse macrophages. A virus specificity of the IFN gamma-induced antiviral state was shown to be in direct correlation with the resistance of mice to MHV 3 infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309539
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein neues Verfahren zur Profilprognose bei chirurgischer Verlagerung von Maxilla und Mandibula (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 51 (1990), S. 297-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary One of the most important goals of combined orthodontic-surgical treatment is the harmonization of the soft tissue profile. For a reliable prognosis of the soft tissue profile after surgical intervention, the soft tissue response to hard tissue displacements should be analysed in regard to horizontal and vertical effects. The material consists of the pre- and postusurgical cephalograms of 40 patients who underwent a LeFort I osteotomy, 54 patients with displacement of the mandible by means of a sagittal split (Obwegeser/DalPont), and 42 patients with combined upper and lower repositioning. In contrast with recent investigations, the analysis of the soft tissue response was not based on the conventional landmarks. Instead of this, changes of the entire soft tissue profile were analysed in relation with the underlying outline of the hard tissue. The processed material resulted in numerical data which permit the elaboration of a profile prognosis with distinction of horizontal and vertical effects also taking the error assessment into account.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Herstellung eines harmonischen Weichteilprofils stellt eines der wichtigsten Ziele der kombinierten kieferorthopädisch-chirurgischen Therapie dar. Zur verläßlichen Prognose des postoperativen Profilverlaufs ist es erforderlich, die Reaktion der Weichteildecke auf Hartgewebsverlagerungen in der Horizontalen und Vertikalen zu differenzieren. Anhand von 40 Patienten, bei denen eine LeFort-I-Osteotomie durchgeführt wurde, 54 Patienten mit Verlagerung des Unterkiefers nachOberwegeser/DalPont sowie 42 Patienten mit kombinierter Oberkiefer/Unterkiefer-Osteotomie wird der Einfluß von Hartgewebsverschiebungen auf den Profilverlauf untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Untersuchungen werden dabei nicht die üblichen kephalometrischen und Weichteilprofilpunkte zugrunde gelegt. Statt dessen wird die Änderung des vollen Profilverlaufs in Abhängigkeit von der darunterliegenden Hartgewebskontur analysiert. Die Auswertung dieses Materials liefert die notwendigen Daten für ein Verfahren, das in Abhängigkeit von der durchzuführenden Operation eine nach horizontalen und vertikalen Effekten differenzierte Profilprognose inklusive Fehlerabschätzung gestattet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02168932
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of restricted diffusion in porous catalysts by NMR (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The diffusion of 1,3,5 tri-tert-butylbenzene (TTB) into cylindrical γ-alumina extrudates of varying micropore diameter and macropore volume has been studied by NMR spectroscopy. The proton NMR signal of the methyl proton of TTB in the micropores of the alumina extrudate was found to be well resolved and shifted upfield relative to that in the bulk liquid by 0.55 ppm. The area under the shifted peak is proportional to the liquid concentration of TTB in the micropores. The change in the intensity of this peak as a function of time and measurements of the amount of TTB absorbed on the surface alumina at equilibrium were used to calculate the effective diffusivity of TTB in each extrudate. Measured values of the effective diffusivity are in reasonable agreement with predictions using correlations in the literature. These observations suggest a new method for measuring the liquid-phase effective diffusivity in porous materials.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of macrophages, interferon gamma and procoagulant activity in the resistance of genetic heterogeneous mouse populations to mouse hepatitis virus infection (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 137 (1994), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Genetic heterogeneous mouse populations selected for high (HIII) and low (LIII) antibody response were used to study some aspects of mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV3) infection, such as the resistance pattern, virus replication in the liver and peritoneal exudate or in cultured peritoneal macrophages, the interferon (IFN) synthesis in the serum and peritoneal exudate and the procoagulant activity (PCA) of the peritoneal exudate (PEC) and spleen cells (SC). The HIII mice, when compared to their LIII mice counterparts, were susceptible to MHV3 infection showing higher virus titres in the liver and peritoneal exudate, comparable IFN alpha/beta or IFN gamma titres in the peritoneal exudate or in the serum, and higher levels of PCA of PEC and SC. A higher virus titre was detected in the supernatants of HIII mouse macrophages infected with MHV3. The activation of HIII mouse macrophages with LPS, IFN alpha/beta or IFN gamma, in contrast to that of LIII mouse macrophages, did not induce an antiviral effect with partial restriction of the MHV3 replication. The LPS antiviral activity was shown to be partially exerted by IFN alpha/beta synthesis. The IFN gamma was shown to be more effective in inducing an antiviral state in LIII macrophages, when compared to IFN alpha/beta. The data obtained are consistent with the notion that the resistance mechanisms to the MHV3 infection involve the PCA and the sensitivity of macrophages to IFN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309475
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