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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3772-3774 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin superconducting films of YBa2Cu3O7−x were deposited onto (100) SrTiO3 substrates at 750 °C in 100 and 200 mTorr of O2, by ArF excimer laser ablation. The as-deposited films were strongly oriented with the c axis perpendicular to the surface when they were cooled to room temperature in oxygen. The highest values of transport critical current density (Jc(approximately-greater-than)105 A/cm2 below 80 K) were observed in films cooled in flowing O2. We find that, in all films, Jc follows a power law (1−T/Tc)n with n≈2, near the critical temperature, Tc, when Tc is defined as the temperature at which Jc=0. It appears that this behavior is governed by the short coherence lengths in this high-Tc material, as suggested by G. Deutscher and K. A. Müller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1745 (1987)], and not by the specific nature of the large-scale structure of the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 43 (1991), S. 293-314 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir fassen die Hinweise auf fehlende Mischbarkeit von Silikat-Karbonatschmelzen in zwei Nephelinitlaven des Shombole-Vulkans, Ostafrika, zusammen und diskutieren die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für die Genese der Karbonatite. Die Nephelinitlaven enthalten rundliche bis unregelmäßig geformte Einschlüsse von bis zu 0,5 cm Durchmesser, die Sr-armen Kalzit, Sr-Ca und K-Ba Zeolite, Fluorit, Aegirin, Strontianit und Fluorapatit enthalten. Diese Einschlüsse (“Globules”) sind magmatischen Ursprungs und stellen rasch abgekühlte unmischbare Karbonat-Schmelze dar. Die meisten Phasen in den Einschlüssen bilden ein vernetztes Mosaik idiomorpher Kristalle. Selten kommen auch tröpfchenförmige Verwachsungen von Kalzit und Strontianit vor, die auf eutektische Kristallisation aus einer Schmelze hinweisen. Die Assoziationen der Phasen, und die Zuammensetzungen der Minerale in den Einschlüssen und in der silikatischen Grundmasse sind fast identisch, und weisen darauf hin, daß die Proben rasch abgekühlt wurden als beide Schmelzen beinahe im Gleichgewicht waren. Experimente mit den Proben bei 200–500 MPa und 975–925°C haben die natürlichen Assoziationen (idiomorphe Kristalle und zwei Schmelzen) genau wiedergegeben und Zusammensetzungen der experimentell hergestellten festen Phasen stimmen sehr gut mit denen der ursprünglichen idiomorphen Kristalle überein. Die natürlichen und die experimentell hergestellten Karbonatite sind sövitischer Zuammensetzung (Kalzit-Karbonatit). Die experimentellen Daten vom Shombole werden mit den bei 300 MPa durchgeführten experimentellen Daten vonFreestone undHamilton (1980) undHamilton et al. (1989) verglichen; letztere benützten stark peralkalische Gesamtzusammensetzungen die typisch für die Laven des Oldoinyo Lengai-Vulkans sind. Beide Datengruppen sind beinahe koplanar in den Tetraedern Si-(Ca + Mg + Fe+2)-(Al + Fe +3)-(Na + K) (SCAN), aber die Konoden haben verschiedene Orientierungen und die Oldoinyo Lengai-Zusammensetzungen erzeugen alkalireiche karbonatitische Schmelzen und nicht sövitische. In beiden vulkanischen Zentren ist nur ein Typ von Karbonatiten bekannt und Fraktionierungs-Mechanismen, die einen Karbonatit aus dem anderen ableiten könnten, werden von den erarbeiteten Daten nicht gestützt. Experimente zeigen, daß das volle Spektrum möglicher Ca-Mg(Na + K) Karbonatite durch Unmischbarkeit (immiscibility) aus nephelinitischen Magmen verschiedener Zusammensetzung abgeleitet werden kann.
    Notes: Summary We summarize the evidence for silicate-carbonate liquid immiscibility in two nephelinite lavas from Shombole volcano, East Africa, and discuss its significance for carbonatite petrogenesis. The nephelinite lavas contain spherical to irregular globules ≤ 0.5 cm containing low-Sr calcite, Sr-Ca and K-Ba zeolites, fluorite, aegirine, strontianite, and fluorapatite. The globules are interpreted to be magmatic in origin, and represent quenched immiscible carbonate liquid. Most phases in the globules form an interlocking mosaic of euhedral crystals, however, rare blebby intergrowths of calcite and strontianite indicate eutectic crystallization from a melt. The phase assemblages and respective compositions of minerals in the globules and silicate groundmass are nearly identical, indicating that the samples were quenched when two liquids were in near-equilibrium. Experiments with the samples at 200–500 MPa and 975–925 °C have reproduced the natural assemblages (phenocrysts + 2 liquids) exactly and the compositions of experimentally generated solid phases closely match the original phenocrysts. The natural and experimentally produced carbonatites are both sövitic (calcite carbonatite) in composition. The two-liquid experimental data from Shombole are compared with the 300 MPa experimental data ofFreestone andHamilton (1980) andHamilton et al. (1989), who utilized strongly peralkaline bulk compositions typical of the lavas erupted at Oldoinyo Lengai. Both data sets are nearly coplanar in the tetrahedron Si-(Ca + Mg + Fe2+)-(Al + Fe3+)-(Na + K) (SCAN), but the tielines have different orientations and the Oldoinyo Lengai bulk compositions generate alkali-rich carbonatitic liquids, rather than sövitic liquids. At both volcanic centers, only one type of extrusive carbonatite is known, and crystal fractionation schemes to generate one carbonatite from another are not supported by the data. Experiments illustrate that the full range of Ca-Mg-(Na + K) carbonatites can be generated by liquid immiscibility from nephelinitic magmas of different compositions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 51 (1994), S. 251-276 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Altproterozoische, ultrapotassische Gänge, Lavaströme und pyroklastische Gesteine der Christopher Island Formation (CIF), eruptierten in einem Gebiet von 600 × 300 km in der Churchill Provinz des Kanadischen Schildes vor 1.84 Ga. Die Zusammensetzung dieser Gesteine variiert von mafischen Lamprophyren (mg 〉 60; SiO2 = 47–54%, durchschnittliches K2O/Na2O 〉 4) mit Phänokristallent von Phlogopit + Diopsid + Apatit + Olivin + Magnetit, bis zu phänokristallarmen felsischen Gesteinen und Sanidinporphyren (SiO2 = 55–69%). Alle Proben zeigen hohe Gehalte an inkompatiblen Elementen und zeigen beträchtliche Verarmung an “high field strength” Elementen relativ zu K, Rb, Sr, Ba und Th. Die CIF hat geochemische und petrographische Eigenschaften sowohl von Minetten wie von Lamproiten, aber im allgemeinen ähnelt sie am stärksten jungen mediterranen Lamproiten. Felsische Gesteine der CIF wurden durch Fraktionierung und Krustenkontamination aus mafischen ultrapotassischen Magmen gebildet. Letztere umfassen sowohl siliziumreiche Lamproite, die deutlich an Zr, U und Th angereichert sind und schwach potassische bis sodische Gesteine von trachytischer Zusammensetzung. Lavenergüsse und zufuhrgänge zeigent ein relativ homogenes ɛNd, 1840 Ma (−6 bis −11) aber ein sehr variables ɛSr, 1840 Ma (-40 bis + 100); Proben die als Lamproite klassifiziert wurden, zeigent höhere durchschnittliche ɛSr-Werte. Proben von Gängen haben sehr variable Bleiisotopen-Zusammensetzungen, die von mäßig bis stark nichtradiogen variieren. Geochemische und Isotopendaten weisen auf Beiträge aus verarmtem archaischen lithosphärischen Mantel und aus konvektierendem OIB-Typ Mantel hin, die beide während des Alproterozoikums durch Subduktions-Vorgänge metasomatisiert wurden. Der lithosphärische Mantel enthielt wahrscheinlich auch angereicherte archaische Domänen. Proterozoische Anreicherungsvorgänge dürften seichtes Underplating subduzierter ozeanischer Lithosphäre unter der Churchill Provinz während der Amalgamation des laurentischen Superkontinentes begleitet haben. Es gibt starke Analogien in der Isotopenzusammensetzung und in der interpretierten Geschichte der Ursprungsregion, zwischen den CIF und Lamproiten und Minetten der Wyoming Provinz, und des westlichen Grönland. Diese weisen auf die Existenz einer laurentischen ultrapotassischen “Superprovinz” hin.
    Notes: Summary Early Proterozoic ultrapotassic dikes, lava flows, and pyroclastic rocks of the Christopher Island Formation (CIF) erupted throughout an area 600 × 300 km within the Churchill Province of the Canadian Shield at 1.84 Ga. The rocks range from mafic lamprophyres (mg # ⩾ 60; SiO2 47–54%, mean K2O/Na2O 〉 4) with phenocrysts of phlogopite + diopside + apatite ± olivine ± magnetite, to phenocryst-poor felsic rocks and sanidine porphyries (SiO255–69%). All samples have high incompatible element contents and display large depletions of high field strength elements relative to K, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Th. The CIF has geochemical and petrographic characteristics of both minettes and lamproites, but overall most closely resembles young Mediterranean lamproites. Felsic rocks of the CIF were produced by crystal fractionation and crustal contamination of mafic ultrapotassic magma, and include both high-silica lamproites strongly enriched in Zr, U, and Th, and weakly potassic to sodic rocks of trachytic composition. Flows and feeder dikes have relatively homogeneous ɛNd, 1840 Ma (−6 to −11) but highly variable ES., 1840 Ma (−40 to + 100); samples classified as lamproites have higher average ɛSr. Dike samples have highly variable present-day Pb isotope compositions, ranging from moderately to strongly nonradiogenic. Geochemical and isotopic data are consistent with contributions from depleted Archean lithospheric mantle, and OIB-type convecting mantle, both metasomatized by subduction-related processes during the Early Proterozoic. The lithospheric mantle probably contained Archean enriched domains as well. Proterozoic enrichment may have accompanied shallow underplating of subducted oceanic lithosphere beneath the Churchill Province during amalgamation of the Laurentian supercontinent. There are strong analogies in isotopic composition, and interpreted source region history, between the CIF and lamproites and minettes of the Wyoming Province and western Greenland, which suggest the existence of a Laurentian ultrapotassic “superprovince”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 113 (1994), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective controlled study, carpal tunnel tissue pressures were determined in a group of 56 patients with distal dislocated fractures of the radius at initial presentation, immediately prior to and after reduction, and 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after reduction. Depending on the severity of the trauma and delay to presentation at the hospital, initial measurements revealed raised pressure averaging 23 mmHg, which further increased during reduction to 44 mmHg. After 4 h the average pressure was 37 mmHg, and it then dropped to 26 mmHg after 12 h. For anatomical reasons the median nerve is quite vulnerable in the region of the wrist joint. Chronic pressure here may cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Acute pressure in the carpal tunnel, which according to our investigations represents a distinct compartment, results in an overt compartment syndrome. The possibility of a direct relationship between markedly elevated tunnel pressure and the development of Sudeck's dystrophy is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 305-309 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Superconductor/polymer composites were prepared by mixing powders representing the Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems with high-density polyethylene. Their electrical resistivities were measured as a function of temperature. By controlling the powder preparation techniques, it was possible to fabricate composites with superconductive transition to zero resistivity in the Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. These composites can be fabricated in certain desired shapes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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