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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoimmunoregulation and the Importance of Opioid Peptides (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 712 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb33565.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linewidth studies on the Kr+ 469.4 nm and 473.9 nm lines excited in a helium-krypton hollow cathode discharge (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 90-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.70J ; 52.20H
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Collisional and Doppler linewidths (Δv C and Δv D ) of the 469.4 nm and 473.9 nm Kr ion lines were measured in a He-Kr hollow cathode discharge using Fabry-Perot technique. A linear dependence of Δv C on He pressure was found for both lines. Significant differences were found between the temperature values deduced from the Δv D -s of the two lines, and an unexpected temperature dependence of the broadening parameter for the Kr+ 469 nm line was also observed. The temperature difference between the two lines is explained by excitation of the upper level of the 469 nm line by second kind collisions between metastable He atoms and ground-state Kr ions, while the temperature dependence of the broadening parameter of the Kr+ 469 nm line is suggested to be due to the inverse process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357661
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A topography and ultrastructural characterization ofin vivo 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-labeled serotonin-containing neurons in the central nervous system ofAplysia californica (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 12 (1992), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: serotonin ; neurotoxin ; 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine ; Aplysia ; electron microscopy ; pigment ; granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Several weeks after administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) toAplysia, a dark pigmentation appears in serotonin-containing neurons, and this pigmentation allows visual identification of serotonergic neurons but does not appear to alter their physiology. 2. We have determined the distribution of labeled nerve cell bodies in the various ganglia ofAplysia and have characterized the pigment containing structures in both control and labeled neurons. 3. All neurons in this preparation, whether or not they utilize serotonin as a transmitter, contain pigment granules, and three types of pigment granules can be distinguished. After 5,7-DHT a new type of granule appears in serotonergic neurons, probably reflecting lysosomes that have accumulated serotonergic synaptic vesicles that contain the oxidized 5,7-DHT. 4. It remains unclear why this substance does not cause neurotoxicity in mollusks as it does in mammalian preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00734932
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct receptors for Leu- and Met-enkephalin on the metacerebral giant cell ofAplysia (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 12 (1992), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: opiates ; FMRFamide ; Aplysia neurons ; voltage clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The effects ofd-Ala2-Leu-enkephalin (DALEU),d-Ala2-Met-enkephalin (DAMET), and FMRFamide on the metacerebral cell (MCC) ofAplysia were determined in current- and voltage-clamp experiments. 2. Distinct receptors exist on this neuron for the three substances. 3. DALEU elicited a depolarizing response due to an inward current but not accompanied by a significant change in membrane conductance. 4. In contrast, DAMET elicited a hyperpolarizing response due to an outward current, also not associated with a significant change in membrane conductance. 5. Both the DALEU and the DAMET responses increased with hyperpolarization, decreased with depolarization, but did not reverse at potentials less than -30 mV. Neither response was sensitive to naloxone. 6. FMRFamide induced a voltage-dependent outward current that reversed at about -76 mV. This neuron was responsive to much lower concentrations of FMRFamide than either of the enkephalins, and the response to FMRFamide appears to be a conductance increase to K+. 7. These results suggest that the MCC neuron has distinct receptors for Leuand Met-enkephalin that activate unusual responses of opposite polarity, as well as more usual inhibitory responses to FMRFamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713365
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic exposure to cadmium- or lead-enriched environments on ionic currents of identified neurons inLymnaea stagnalis L. (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 14 (1994), S. 769-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: cadmium ; lead ; voltage-activated currents ; Ca currents ; K currents ; chronic exposure ; Lymnaea stagnalis L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Voltage-activated ionic currents of three identified neurons ofLymnaea stagnalis L. were compared in control snails and in animals having been exposed to a cadmium- or lead-enriched environment for 2 weeks. We determined the presence, amplitude, and changes, if any, in the current-voltage characteristics of calcium and potassium currents in each of the three neurons from each of the three groups of animals. Finally, we have compared the effects of acute administration of Cd2+ or Pb2+ on neurons from control and chronically exposed animals. 2. Chronic exposure to cadmium resulted in a near doubling of the high voltage-activated calcium current. 3. No differences were found in the effects of acute application of Cd2+ or Pb2+ on neurons of pretreated and control animals. Cadmium was a potent blocker of the Ca current in either case, while lead caused only a 20% inhibition of the Ca current in neurons of both control and lead-exposed animals. 4. Potassium currents were affected in both Cd2+- and Pb2+-exposed animals. While the sustained outward current was not influenced noticeably, the fast K current was affected in different ways in different neurons. Some did not show this current in the controls but expressed it in neurons from the exposed animals. Other neurons showed the current in the controls and its depression in exposed animals. Acute application of cadmium did not modulate the K current, but lead enhanced the peak amplitude of the transient K current in neurons of both exposed and control snails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02088683
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of voltage-activated ion currents on identified neurons ofHelix pomatia L. by interleukin-1 (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 12 (1992), S. 429-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: immunotransmitter ; cytokine ; interleukin-1 ; antiserum ; inward-outward currents ; Helix neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) was studied on voltage-activated ion currents of the identified central neurons ofHelix pomatia L. using a twomicroelectrode voltage clamp. The voltage-activated inward current (I Ca) was decreased, whereas the outward current (I net K) was increased by IL-1. 2. IL-1 affects both the transient and the delayed rectifying potassium currents. The IL-1 modulatory effect on the voltage-activated ion currents was voltage and dose dependent. The threshold concentration for IL-1 was 2 U/ml. 3. The proposed modulatory effect of IL-1 appears to have more than one site of action on the neuron membrane ion channels. 4. Rabbit anti-human IL-1 polyclonal antiserum eliminated the IL-1 effects on the voltage-activated inward and outward currents. This is the first report demonstrating a direct effect of IL-1 modulation of voltage-activated ion currents on neurons of mollusks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711543
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