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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The greening process in cress seedlings. II. Complexing agents and 5-aminolevulinate inhibit accumulation of cab-mRNA coding for the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Dark-green cress seedlings were treated with 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) or the metal complexing agents 2,2′-bipyridyl and 8-hydroxyquinoline. The subsequent induction of cab-mRNA coding for the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHCP) by white or far-red light was investigated. Pretreatment with ALA 48 h after sowing yielded increased levels, the same pretreatment 72 or 96 h after sowing decreased levels of cab-mRNA. The strongest inhibition of light induction of cab-mRNA was found by pretreatment with 2,2′-bipyridyl. Less inhibition was obtained by pretreatment with 8-hydroxyquinoline. Steady-state levels of transcripts which are not light-regulated (actin, psbA) were only slightly decreased by pretreatment with ALA or the metal chelators, whereas no decrease was found for mRNA coding for NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Run-off transcription with isolated nuclei showed that the transcription rate was reduced by pretreatment of intact plants with the metal chelator 2,2′-bipyridyl. The results are discussed in the context of current proposals for the role of transition metals. ALA, and chlorophyll precursors in light-induction of gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02128.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophyll synthetase is latent in well preserved prolamellar bodies of etiolated wheat (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 80 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Membrane fractions containing intact etioplasts, etioplast inner membranes, prolamellar bodies or prothylakoids from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde) were assayed for chlorophyll synthetase activity. Calculated on a protein basis, the etioplast inner membrane fraction showed a higher activity than the intact etioplasts. The activity was higher in the prolamellar body fraction than in the prothylakoid fraction. However, when the fractions were incubated in isolation medium with 50% (w/w) sucrose and 0.3 mM NADPH, chlorophyll synthetase activity could not be detected in the prolamellar body fraction, while the prothylakoid fraction maintained a high activity. The spectral shift to a shorter wavelength of the newly formed endogenous chlorophyllide was very rapid in the prothylakoid fraction but slow in the prolamellar body fraction. The relation between the spectral shift of chlorophyllide and the esterification activity in the fractions is discussed. Even exogenous short-wavelength chlorophyllide could not be esterified in well preserved prolamellar bodies. This indicates that chlorophyll synthetase is present in an inactive state in the prolamellar body structure. A large-scale method for the synthesis of geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, one of the substrates of the chlorophyll synthetase reaction, is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb04408.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The greening process in cress seedlings. I. Pigment accumulation and ultrastructure after application of 5-aminolevulinate and complexing agents (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A reduced rate of greening after continuous illumination was observed in dark-grown cress seedlings (Lepidium sativum L.) incubated with 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) or the complexing agents 2,2′-bipyridyl, 8-hydroxyquinoline or 1,10-phenanthroline. This effect cannot be explained merely by photodynamic damage caused by chlorophyll precursors which are accumulated in the dark under these conditions. Flash light experiments revealed that photoconversion of protochlorophyll(ide) to chlorophyllide was not influenced by chelator treatment. The next step in the chlorophyll pathway, the esterification of chlorophyllide, however, was inhibited. Simultaneously applicated ALA and complexing agents did not result in a synergistic reponse; on the contrary, ALA seemed to render cress plants less susceptible to the treatment with complexing agents upon subsequent irradiation. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that grana formation in light was inhibited after pretreatment with ALA or complexing agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb01726.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthese von Tetrapyrrolen bei Pflanzen (1993)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01138790
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of chlorophyll biosynthesis in a barley albina mutant unable to synthesize δ-aminolevulinic acid by utilizing the transfer RNA for glutamic acid (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 188 (1992), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Hordeum (chlorophyll biosynthesis) ; Chlorophyll biosynthesis ; Gene regulation ; Mutant (barley) ; Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Components of chlorophyll biosynthesis were investigated in the plastid-ribosome-deficient albostrians mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Compared with green leaves, white leaves lacked chloroplast tRNAGlu and 16S ribosomal RNA, but contained a much higher level of the mRNA for glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Substantial amounts of protochlorophyllide were accumulated when the mutant was incubated in a solution of δ-aminolevulinic acid. The level of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase mRNA (PCOR, EC 1.6.99.1.) in etiolated albostrians plants reached only about 50% of the level in wild-type plants. In addition the content of PCOR protein and the activity of chlorophyll synthetase were distinctly lower than in the wild-type. Mutant and wild-type barley seedlings which were grown under a daily light/dark regime and were therefore nonetiolated both possessed PCOR mRNA. The data presented may help explain the albino phenotype of this mutant. The results are discussed in relation to biosynthesis of tetrapyrrols in higher plants, regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and the action of a plastidderived signal involved in the expression of certain nuclear genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198935
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avenacosidase from oat: purification, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization of a new member of the BGA family of β-glucosidases (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 909-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Avena sativa L. ; avenacosidase ; β-glucosidases ; BGA family ; defence system ; phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A protein consisting of 60 kDa subunits (As-P60) was isolated from etiolated oat seedlings (Avena sativa L.) and characterized as avenacosidase, a β-glucosidase that belongs to a preformed defence system of oat against fungal infection. The enzyme is highly aggregated; it consists of 300–350 kDa aggregates and multimers thereof. Dissociation by freezing/thawing leads to complete loss of enzyme activity. The specificity of the enzyme was investigated with para-nitrophenyl derivatives which serve as substrates, in decreasing order β-fucoside, β-glucoside, β-galactoside, β-xyloside. The corresponding orthonitrophenyl glycosides are less well accepted. No hydrolysis was found with α-glycosides and β-thioglucoside. An anti-As-P60 antiserum was prepared and used for isolation of a cDNA clone coding for As-P60. A presequence of 55 amino acid residues was deduced from comparison of the cDNA sequence with the N-terminal sequence determined by Edman degradation of the mature protein. The presequence has the characteristics of a stroma-directing signal peptide; localization of As-P60 in plastids of oat seedlings was confirmed by western blotting. The amino acid sequence revealed significant homology (〉39% sequence identity) to β-glucosidases that are constituents of a defence mechanism in dicotyledonous plants. 34% sequence identity was even found with mammalian and bacterial β-glucosidases of the BGA family. Avenacosidase extends the occurrence of this family of β-glucosidases to monocotyledonous plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028858
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of chlorophyll biosynthesis in a barley albina mutant unable to synthesize δ-aminolevulinic acid by utilizing the transfer RNA for glutamic acid (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 188 (1992), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Hordeum (chlorophyll biosynthesis) ; Chlorophyll biosynthesis ; Gene regulation ; Mutant (barley) ; Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Components of chlorophyll biosynthesis were investigated in the plastid-ribosome-deficientalbostrians mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Compared with green leaves, white leaves lacked chloroplast tRNAGlu and 16S ribosomal RNA, but contained a much higher level of the mRNA for glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Substantial amounts of protochlorophyllide were accumulated when the mutant was incubated in a solution of δ-aminolevulinic acid. The level of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase mRNA (PCOR, EC 1.6.99.1.) in etiolatedalbostrians plants reached only about 50% of the level in wild-type plants. In addition the content of PCOR protein and the activity of chlorophyll synthetase were distinctly lower than in the wild-type. Mutant and wild-type barley seedlings which were grown under a daily light/dark regime and were therefore nonetiolated both possessed PCOR mRNA. The data presented may help explain the albino phenotype of this mutant. The results are discussed in relation to biosynthesis of tetrapyrrols in higher plants, regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and the action of a plastidderived signal involved in the expression of certain nuclear genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160708
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrom, das Sehpigment der PflanzenProfessor Kurt Schaffner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 103 (1991), S. 1242-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pflanzen benötigen Licht für die Photosynthese. Zur Adaption an die Lichtverhältnisse ihres jeweiligen Standorts haben sie mehrere Photorezeptorsysteme entwickelt, darunter das Phytochrom, das ihnen sogar ein Zwei-Farben-Sehen im Bereich Hellrot-Dunkelrot ermöglicht. Mit dem Phytochrom beschäftigen sich nicht nur Botaniker, sondern auch Naturstoffchemiker, Photochemiker, Biochemiker, Photobiologen und neuerdings Molekularbiologen. Trotz umfangreicher Untersuchungen ist noch längst nicht alles über diesen Photorezeptor bekannt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel schildert zunächst die grundlegenden Strukturuntersuchungen am Tetrapyrrol-Chromophor des Phytochroms und dessen photochemische cis,trans-Isomerisierung, die zur Photochromie des Chromoproteins führt. Im Abschnitt über den Proteinteil werden unter anderem die Struktur der Domänen des Phytochroms und Konformationsänderungen bei der Photoumwandlung diskutiert. Schließlich werden aus den bisher bekannten Phytochromgenen phylogenetische Zusammenhänge abgeleitet und mögliche Struktur-Funktions-Beziehungen aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19911031005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome, the Visual Pigment of PlantsDedicated to Professor Kurt Schaffner on his 60th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 30 (1991), S. 1216-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Photosynthesis ; Visual pigment ; Phytochromes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plants require light for photosynthesis. In order to adapt to the light conditions in their particular habitat, they have developed various photoreceptor systems. Of these, phytochrome allows even two-color vision in the red/far-red region. The photoreceptor phytochrome is of interest not only to botanists, but also to natural product chemists, photochemists, biochemists, photobiologists, and recently molecular biologists. Despite numerous studies, there are still considerable gaps in our knowledge of this photoreceptor. This article first describes the basic structural studies of the tetrapyrrole chromophore and its photochemical cis-trans isomerization, which is the source of the chromoprotein's photochromism. In the section on the protein moiety, beside other topics, the domain structure of phytochrome and the conformational changes during phototransformation are discussed. Finally, the known phytochrome genes are used to derive phylogenetic relationships, and possible structure-function relationships are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199112161
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