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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical settings and vasopressin function in hyponatraemic children (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hyponatraemia ; Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ; Vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hyponatraemia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities in hospitalised children. In a prospective study we tested whether hyponatraemia is associated with sustained release of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). Out of 27 children with persistent hyponatremia (serum sodium 〈130 mmol/l), 25 had measurable plasma concentrations of AVP [median and quartiles 5.0 pg/ml (1.5–8.3)]. Volume contraction as consequence of sodium loss caused hyponatraemia in 16 patients. Hyponatraemia in the presence of extracellular volume expansion and reduced effective arterial blood volume occurred in 5 patients. Only 3 patients had normovolaemic hyponatraemia (so-called syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) and 3 suffered from chronic renal failure. It is concluded that plasma AVP concentration is measurable in most children with hyponatraemia. Non-osmotic stimulation of AVP release and lack of suppression of this hormone is an important pathogenetic mechanism of hyponatraemia in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956738
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of the central nervous system in renal hypertension (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hypertension, renal ; Central nervous system ; Convulsions ; Hypertensive encephalopathy ; Intracranial haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is a major complication of renal hypertension and is usually due to hypertensive encehalopathy. During a 17-year period we observed 25 children with renal hypertension associated with CNS manifestations in the absence of (group A) and 33 in the presence of advanced renal failure (group B). Convulsions were the most important symptom (65% in both groups combined). Other manifestations were reduced consciousness (69%), visual disturbances (28%), hemiplegia (14%), and cranial nerve palsy (10%). In 56% of children in group A, hypertension was recognised only after appearance of CNS symptoms. Three patients in group A and 19 in group B died. Intracranial haemorrhage associated with hemiplegia was found in 3 cases. From 1970–1977 to 1978–1986 the number of patients and the mortality in group B declined dramatically, probably as a result of improved antihypertensive and renal replacement therapy. In contrast, in group A the number of patients and of CNS symptoms remained similar. The study underlines the importance of frequent blood pressure monitoring in presence of acute or chronic renal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072518
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durstregulation bei terminaler Niereninsuffizienz (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1127-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thirst regulation ; Vasopressin ; Renin-angiotensin-system ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Endstage renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary About 30% of hemodialyzed patients are suffering from chronic fluid overload despite advice to restrict the oral fluid intake. To investigate the cause of the abnormal drinking behaviour a clinical study was performed in 51 non-diabetic patients with endstage renal disease exhibiting lower interdialytic weight gain (〈3 kg,n=17) and increased interdialytic weight gain (〉3 kg,n=34). Blood pressure, body weight self-estimated thirst intensity before and after hemodialysis were analyzed. Biochemical and behavioral variables were measured including hormonal factors of water and sodium metabolism. Significant differences of dry weight, creatinine, urea nitrogen and thirst intensity were found between the two groups. Catecholamines, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide exhibited a similar pattern in both groups. Atrial natriuretic peptide decreased during hemodialysis in both groups, angiotensin II, however, and norepinephrine showed an exaggerated response to ultrafiltration rate in polydipsic patients. These results suggest that changes in serum osmolality during hemodialysis did not contribute to thirst and drinking behaviour. It seems that postdialytic hypovolaemia together with higher plasma-angiotensin II-levels is responsible for increased oral intake of fluid and excessive weight gain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01798063
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of somatostatin on kidney function and vasoactive hormone systems in healthy subjects (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 486-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Vasoactive hormones ; Renal sodium excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute effects of i.v. somatostatin (250 mcg bolus followed by 250 mcg/h continuous infusion for two hours) on renal hemodynamics, renal electrolyte and water handling, and urinary excretion of catecholamines and prostaglandins, as well as on plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, glucagon, and plasma renin activity were studied in seven normal subjects. Somatostatin decreased effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, osmotic and free water clearances, urine volume, and sodium and potassium excretion, while urinary osmolality, fractional excretion of sodium, and phosphate excretion increased significantly. Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine remained unchanged, while plasma renin activity (3.0±0.25 vs 2.4±0.2 ng AngI/ml/h;p}〈0.01) and glucagon levels (40±11 vs 20±16 pg/ml;p}〈0.01) decreased. Urinary excretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, PGE2, and PGF2alpha was suppressed under somatostatin. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary dopamine and sodium excretion (r=0.7;p}〈0.001) and urinary postaglandin E2 and glomerular filtration (r=0.52;p}〈0.01). Without accompanying changes in plasma osmolality and vasopressin concentration significant antidiuresis occurred, suggesting a direct tubular effect of somatostatin. However, the hormone-induced changes are due mainly to the decrease in renal plasma flow. The results demonstrate that somatostatin at supraphysiological doses exerts significant effects on the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01649420
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate as indicators of fluid volume overload in children with chronic renal failure (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate ; Chronic renal failure ; Haemodialysis ; Volume overload
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were investigated as indicators of fluid volume overload in children and adolescents with chronic renal failure. Plasma ANP and cGMP were measured in both paediatric patients with chronic renal failure (n=17, mean serum creatinine 371±242 μmol/l) and those with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis (n=18). cGMP was higher in children with chronic renal failure than in 45 healthy controls (1.0±0.4 vs 2.1±0.8 nmol/l,P〈0.01), whereas plasma ANP was similar (26.9±9.7 vs 34.0±12.3 pmol/l). Both ANP and cGMP were markedly elevated in children with end-stage renal disease before haemodialysis and fell significantly during dialysis. During dialysis body weight decreased by 1.6±0.7 kg, corresponding to 4.5±2.1% of body weight. Plasma ANP correlated positively with plasma cGMP in haemodialysed patients (r=0.43,P〈0.05). Reduction in body weight and in mean arterial pressure correlated more closely with plasma ANP than with cGMP. Therefore, elevation of plasma ANP appears to indicate volume overload in children undergoing haemodialysis, but whether it can be used also in children with chronic renal failure requires further investigation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased activity of atrial natriuretic peptide in dumping syndrome after gastric surgery (1991)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 36 (1991), S. 1177-1179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297472
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