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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial recovery of insulin secretion and action after combined insulin-sulfonylurea treatment in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with secondary failure to oral agents (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 688-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: insulin ; sulfonylurea ; combined therapy ; insulin action ; insulin secretion ; metabolic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Metabolic control, insulin secretion and insulin action were evaluated in seven Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with secondary failure to oral antidiabetic agents before and after two months of combined therapy with supper-time insulin (Ultratard: 0.4 U/kg body weight/day) plus premeal glibenclamide (15 mg/day). Metabolic control was assessed by 24 h plasma glucose, NEFA, and substrate (lactate, alanine, glycerol, ketone bodies) profile. Insulin secretion was evaluated by glucagon stimulation of C-peptide secretion, hyperglycaemic clamp (+7 mmol/l) and 24 h free-insulin and C-peptide profiles. The repeat studies, after two months of combined therapy, were performed at least 72 h after supper-time insulin withdrawal. Combining insulin and sulfonylurea agents resulted in a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (12.9±7 vs 10.4±1.2 mmol/l; p〈0.05) and hepaic glucose production (13.9±1.1 vs 11.1±1.1 μmol·kgc-min−1; p〈0.05). Mean 24 h plasma glucose was also lower (13.7±1.2 vs 11.1±1.4 mmol/l; p〈0.05). Decrements in fasting plasma glucose and mean 24 h profile were correlated (r=0.90; p〈0.01). HbA1c also improved (11.8±0.8 vs 8.9±0.5%; p〈0.05). Twenty-four hour profile for NEFA, glycerol, and ketone bodies was lower after teatment, while no difference occurred in the blood lactate and alanine profile. Insulin secretion in response to glucagon (C-peptide =+0.53±0.07 vs +0.43±0.07 pmol/ml) and hyperglycaemia (freeinsulin = 13.1±2.0 vs 12.3±2.2 mU/l) did not change. On the contrary, mean 24 h plasma freeinsulin (13.2±2.6 vs 17.5±2.2 mU/l; p〈0.01) and C-peptide (0.76±0.10 vs 0.98±0.13 pmol/l; p〈0.02) as well as the area under the curve (19.1±4.1 vs 23.6±3.1 U/24 h;p〈0.01 and 1.16±0.14 vs 1.38±0.18 μmol/24 h; p〈0.02 respectively) were significantly increased. The ratio between glucose infusion (M) and plasma insulin concentration (I) during the hyperglycaemic clamp studies (M/I, an index of insulin sensitivity), was not statistically different (1.40±0.25 vs 1.81±0.40 μmol·kg−1· min−1/mU·l−1). These data suggest that, in Type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure to oral antidiabetic agents, the combination of supper-time longacting insulin and premeal sulfonylurea agents can improve metabolic control. This positive effect is possibly mediated through an increased secretion of insulin in response to physiologic stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400571
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucocele of neurosurgical interest: Clinical considerations on five cases (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 102 (1990), S. 114-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Mucocele ; skull base tumour ; sphenoid sinus ; sella turcica ; orbital tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors present five patients with mucocele, submitted to neurosurgery. Two had mucoceles spreading from the frontal and/ or the anterior ethmoidal sinuses and had only compressive mass symptoms, either on the ocular globe or on the frontal lobe or on both. Three patients had mucoceles growing from the sphenoid and/ or posterior ethmoidal sinuses. In these latter, the mass symptoms were less evident. All the patients suffered excruciating retro-ocular pain and two presented cranial nerve damage. The correct diagnosis in these cases is crucial to avoid a too aggressive treatment since these patients are generally sent to a neurosurgeon for a suspected cranial base malignancy or an invasive pituitary adenoma. The principles of a correct differential diagnosis and of operative treatment are outlined based on an analysis of the literature and the authors experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405424
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ntrBC genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum are part of a complex operon subject to negative regulation (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 9 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We report here that ntrB and ntrC genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli are cotranscribed with an open reading frame (called 0RF1) of unknown Unction. The promoter region of the 0RF1-ntrB-ntrC operon was mapped immediately upstream of ORF1 and two in vivo transcription initiation sites were identified, both preceded by −35/−10 promoter consensus sequences. Some major aspects differentiate ft leguminosarum from the enteric nitrogen regulatory system: the ntrBC genes are cotranscribed with 0RF1 which is homologous to an ORF located upstream of ntrBC of R. capsulatus and to the 0RF1 located upstream of the fis gene of Escherichia coir, ntrBC are not transcribed from a −24/−12 promoter and are only autogenously repressed. Moreover, the intracellular concentration of the NtrC protein increases when the bacterium is grown on ammonium salts, white under the same conditions the promoter of one of its target genes, glnII, is 12 times less active.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01717.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of nitrogen metabolism is altered in a glnB mutant strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We isolated a Rhizobium leguminosarum mutant strain altered in the glnB gene. This event, which has never been described in the Rhizobiaceae, is rare in comparison to mutants isolated in the contiguous gene, glnA. The glnB mutation removes the glnBA promoter but in vivo does not prevent glnA expression from its own promoter, which is not nitrogen regulated. The glnB mutant strain does not grow on nitrate as a sole nitrogen source and it is Nod+, Fix+. Two –24/–12 promoters, for the glnll and glnBA genes, are constitutively expressed in the glnB mutant, while two –35/–10-like promoters for glnA and ntrBC are unaffected. We propose that the glnB gene product, the P11 protein, plays a negative role in the ability of NtrC to activate transcription from its target promoters and a positive role in the mechanism of nitrate utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00346.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in massive obesity (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 228-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Obesity ; insulin ; glucose ; non-esterified fatty acids ; glucose turnover ; non-esterified fatty acid turnovers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight obese patients and 12 normal individuals underwent a euglycaemic insulin clamp (20 and 40 mU · m2−1 · min−1) along with continuous infusion of 3-3H-glucose and 1-14C-palmitate and indirect calorimetry. Basal plasma glucose concentration (4.7±0.3 vs 4.4±0.2 mmol/l) was similar in the two groups, whereas hepatic glucose production was slightly higher in obese individuals (1.11±0.06 vs 0.84±0.05 mmol/min) in spite of higher plasma insulin levels (17±2 vs 6±1 mU/l; p〈0.01). Insulin inhibition of hepatic glucose production was impaired in obese subjects. Glucose disposal by lean body mass was markedly reduced both at baseline (11.7±1.1 vs 15.6±0.6 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; p〈0.05) and during clamp (15.0±1.1 vs 34.4±2.8 and 26.7±3.9 vs 62.2±2.8 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; p〈0.01) Oxidative (12.2±1.1 vs 17.8±1 and 16.1±1.1 vs 51.1±1.7 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; p〈0.05−0.002) and non-oxidative glucose metabolism (3.9±1.1 vs 15.0±2.8 and 12.8±3.3 vs 38.3±2.2 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; p〈0.01−0.001) were impaired. Basal plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (635±75 vs 510±71 μmol/l) and blood glycerol (129±17 vs 56±5 μmol/l; p〈0.01) were increased in obese patients. Following hyperinsulinaemia, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (244±79 vs 69±16 and 140±2 vs 36±10 μmol/l; p〈0.01) and blood glycerol levels (79±20 vs 34±6 and 73±22 vs 29±5 μmol/l; p〈0.01) remained higher in obese subjects. Baseline non-esterified fatty acid production rate per kg of fat body mass was significantly larger in normal weight subjects (37.7±6.7 vs 14.0±1.8 μmol/l; p〈0.01) and insulin inhibition was reduced in obese patients (−41±9 vs −74±3 and −53±11 vs −82±3%; p〈0.05). Basal plasma non-esterified fatty acid utilization by lean body mass was similar in the two groups (9.8±0.9 vs 8.8±2.0 μmol · kg−1 · min−1), whereas during clamp it remained higher in obese patients (6.0±1.2 vs 2.8±2.5 and 4.9±1.3 vs 1.5±0.6 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; p〈0.1−0.05). Lipid oxidation was higher in obese individuals in spite of hyperinsulinaemia (3.7±0.3 vs 2.4±0.4 and 2.3±0.4 vs 0.9±0.3 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; p〈0.05− 0.02). An inverse correlation was found between lipid oxidation and glucose oxidation (r=0.82 and 0.93; p〈0.001) and glucose utilization (r=0.54 and 0.83; p〈0.05−0.001) both in obese and control subjects. A correlation between lipid oxidation and non-oxidative glucose metabolism was present only in normal weight individuals (r=0.75; p〈0.01). We conclude that in obesity all tissues (muscles, liver, and adipose tissue) are resistant to insulin action. Insulin resistance involves glucose as well as lipid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404801
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The catalytic activity of Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-Y zeolites in NO decomposition: dependence on copper concentration (1994)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 23 (1994), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: NOx abatement ; Cu-ZSM-5 ; Cu-Y zeolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract NO decomposition was studied on Cu-ZSM-5 (Cu exchange extent from 23 to 210%) and Cu-Y (Cu exchange extent from 5 to 105%) catalysts at 773 K. The results show that the activity (NO molecules decomposed per gram of catalyst per second) increases by roughly 100-fold when the extent of exchange with copper in the ZSM-5 framework increases from 80 to 100%. This behaviour shows that not all Cu sites are equivalent in their decomposition activity. Cu-ZSM-5 samples prepared with either H-ZSM-5 or Na-ZSM-5 show the same activity pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00812142
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal denaturation of ribonuclease T1 a DSC study (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 2791-2802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: microbial Ribonuclease T1 ; denaturation temperature ; enthalphy change ; heat capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels DSC Mikrokalorimetrie wurde die thermische Denaturierung von mikrobieller Ribonuklease T1 (RNAase T1) als eine Funktion despH-Wertes untersucht. Die mittleren Denaturierungstemperaturen, Enthalpieänderungen und Wärmekapazitätsänderungen von Ribonuklease T1 wurden mit denen von pankreatischer Ribonuklease A (RNAase A) verglichen. Man fand, daß das mikrobielle Protein T1 einen komplizierteren Konformationsübergang zeigt, als die bei Ribonuklease A auftretende einfache Zweizustandsänderung. Es wird weiterhin die Hypothese des Auftretens einer “geschmolzenen Kügelchen” Form diskutiert. Die Konformationsbeständigkeit von RNAase T1 ist bei hohenpH-Werten niedriger als die von RNAase A. Die größte Stabilität von RNAase T1 liegt bei einempH-Wert von etwa 5, während die von RNAase A bei etwapH=8. Bei einempH-Wert von 3.7 wird durch einen reproduzierbaren exothermen Peak das Auftreten einer irreversiblen Aggregation angezeigt. Die Konformationsänderungen von RNAase T1 sind impH-Wertbereich 4.5 bis 7.0 reversibel, die von RNAase A sind irreversibel bei einempH-Wert von mindestens 8.0.
    Notes: Abstract The thermal denaturation of microbial Ribonuclease T1 (RNAase T1) as a function ofpH, was studied by means of DSC microcalorimetry. The midpoint denaturation temperatures, enthalpy changes and heat capacity changes of Ribonuclease T1 were compared with those obtained for pancreatic Ribonuclease A (RNAase A). It was found that the microbial T1 protein undergoes a more complex conformational transition than the simple two-state transition shown by Ribonuclease A. The hypothesis of the presence of a ‘molten globule’ form is discussed. The conformational stability of RNAase T1 is lower than that of RNAase A at highpH values. Indeed, the maximum stability of RNAase T1 occurs atpH ≈ 5, whereas that of RNAase A occurs atpH ≈ 8. AtpH=3.7 an irreversible aggregation phenomenon was indicated by the existence of a reproducible exothermic peak. The conformational transition of RNAase T1 is reversible in the range ofpH 4.5–7.0, whereas it becomes irreversible atpH≥8.0 as for RNAase A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01979753
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of the Rhizobium leguminosarum glnII gene by NtrC is dependent on upstream DNA sequences (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 234 (1992), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrogen assimilation ; Gene regulation ; Promoter ; Deletion analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cloning and sequence determination is reported of the DNA region of Rhizobium leguminosarum coding for glutamine synthetase II (GSII). An open reading frame (ORF) encoding 326 amino acids was defined as the glnII gene on the basis of its similarity to other glnII genes and the ability of a DNA fragment carrying this ORF to complement the glutamine auxotrophy of a Klebsiella pneumoniae glnA mutant. We find that the glnII gene in R. leguminosarum is transcribed as a monocistronic unit from a single promoter, which shows structural features characteristic of rpoN(ntrA)-dependent promoters. In K. pneumoniae, such promoters require the ntrC and rpoN(ntrA) gene products for transcription. The intracellular level of glnII mRNA changes when R. leguminosarum is grown on different nitrogen sources, as expected for regulation by the nitrogen regulatory system. Promoter deletion analysis has shown that an extensive upstream DNA sequence (316 bp) is essential for in vivo activation of the glnII promoter in different biovars of R. leguminosarum. This DNA region requires a wild-type ntrC gene for activity and includes two conserved putative NtrC-binding site sequences. The results conclusively show that transcription from the R. leguminosarum glnII promoter is fully dependent on positive control by NtrC protein and on an upstream activator sequence (UAS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538692
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