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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of carvedilol and propranolol on coronary blood flow (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. S122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carvedilol ; propranolol ; coronary blood flow ; beta-blockade ; vasodilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 17 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and at least one stenosis blocking ≥ 70% of the left anterior descending or circumflex artery were included in a double-blind, randomized study. They received either 5 mg carvedilol or 6 mg propranolol intravenously. Heart rate, aortic pressure, mean coronary sinus pressure and coronary flow (thermodilution) were measured and coronary resistance and the rate-pressure product were calculated before and 25 min after injection. Carvedilol significantly (P 〈 0.05) lowered the heart rate (mean, 76 to 69 beats/min), aortic pressure (mean, 153/80–135/72 mmHg), rate-pressure product (mean, 117–93 mmHg/min), and coronary flow (mean, 114–94 ml/min). Coronary resistance (mean, 0.97–1.07 mmHg × min/ml) and coronary flow related to the rate-pressure product (mean, 1.0–1.02 ml/mm Hg) showed no significant change after carvedilol treatment. Propranolol lowered the heart rate (mean, 76–64/min;P 〈 0.05) and rate-pressure product (mean, 109–96 mm. Hg/min; not significant). Aortic pressure (mean, 145/72–147/74 mmHg), coronary flow (mean 109–101 ml/min), coronary resistance (mean, 1.1–1.2 mmHg × min/ml), and coronary flow related to the rate-pressure product (mean,1.12–1.19 ml/mmHg) showed no significant change after propranolol administration. Following single application, carvedilol lowered the rate-pressure product more markedly than did propranolol on account of its acute blood-pressure-lowering effect. No differences in the hemodynamic effects of carvedilol and propranolol were found. Neither drug seems to influence the adaption of coronary flow to myocardial oxygen demand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01409480
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of trospium chloride on gastrointestinal motility in humans (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Trospium chloride ; Gastrointestinal motor function ; gall bladder contraction ; gastric emptying ; gastrooesophageal reflux ; orocaecal transit time ; Oesophageal pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was to investigate the effect of trospium chloride on gall bladder contraction, gastric emptying of a liquid meal, gastrooesophageal reflux, and orocaecal transit time in healthy subjects. Gall bladder contraction was examined by ultrasonography before and after stimulation with two raw eggs. Gastric emptying was evaluated by an intubation technique and by sonography. To determine gastrooesophageal reflux and orocaecal transit time, 24-hour pH metry and a hydrogen breath test were used. The gall bladder ejection fractions were significantly lower after oral treatment with both 4×10 mg and 4×20 mg trospium compared to placebo, but no difference was seen between the two doses of drug. Gastric emptying of a liquid meal was significantly delayed after intake of 4×15 mg trospium, whilst the time course of the intragastric volume determined by ultrasound did not differ from that after placebo, suggesting an antisecretory effect of trospium on gastric secretion. The fractional time of oesophageal pH〈4 as a percentage of the entire 24-hour investigation period was significantly increased by treatment with trospium 3×15 mg per day. The orocaecal transit time of 10 g lactulose was significantly prolonged. Provided that the observed effects on gall bladder contraction, gastric emptying, and orocaecal transit time are reproduced in disease states, trospium should be regarded as a potentially useful antispasmodic agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271361
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonimaging characterization of imperfect single crystals by means of a three-crystal diffractometer for high energy synchrotron radiation (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 3680-3684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A three-crystal diffractometer for synchrotron radiation with energies of 100 keV and higher has been used in a nondispersive setting to map out the distribution of Bragg scattered intensity in the scattering plane with very high resolution. By using perfect silicon crystals in symmetrical Laue geometry for reflection 220 as monochromator and analyzer, respectively, a resolution of ≈2×10−4 A(ring)−1 in the direction parallel to the reciprocal lattice vector G220 and of ≈10−5 A(ring)−1 in the direction perpendicular to G220 has been achieved at high counting rates. As a first example the mosaic structure of a plastically deformed silicon crystal has been characterized with respect to its mosaic distribution and lattice parameter fluctuations. Second, the study of a silicon-germanium gradient crystal, produced by means of the chemical vapor deposition technique, demonstrated that the substrate peak could be well separated from the intensity distribution of the gradient crystal. A two-dimensional contour plot of the intensity distribution in the vicinity of 220 shows the variation of the lattice parameters in the gradient crystal, as well as the lattice plane tilts of the substrate and the silicon-germanium layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352927
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional inactivation of Dermatophagoides spp. (house dust mite) reactive human T-cell clones (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Staphylococcal enterotoxins are able both to stimulate powerful polyclonal proliferative responses and to induce non-responsiveness of T lymphocytes expressing the appropriate T-cell antigen receptor Vβ gene products. T-cell clones representative of the human response to house dust mite were identified that express either Vβ3 or Vβ6 gene products. The specificity of the latter was confirmed by serology. Pre-treatment of cloned Vβ3+ T cells with the Staphyhcoccus aureus enterotoxins B or C1 rendered them non-responsive to immunogenic challenge with their natural ligand, while retaining responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. Similarly, exposure of the Vβ6+ dust mite reactive T cells to the Staphylococcal enterotoxin of the appropriate specificity, SEE, induced specific anergy. The development of non-responsiveness was associated with changes in the T-cell phenotypes. Downreguiation of the T-cell receptor, Ti-CD3, was paralleled by enhanced expression of both CD2 and the IL-2 receptor, CD25. Differential co-modulation of CD4 and Ti-CD3 suggested that for some T cells CD4 may form part of the specific antigen recognition structure. Toxicity of the Staphylococcal enterotoxins may be removed by chemical modification, thus their ability functionally to inactivate subpopulations of T cells expressing antigen-specific receptors with shared characteristics may be of potential value in the regulation of allergic diseases if the diversity of the T-cell repertoire proves to be limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb00832.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of decaffeination of coffee or tea on gastro-oesophageal reflux (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Coffee and tea are believed to cause gastrooesophageal reflux : however, the effects of these beverages and of their major component, caffeine, have not been quantified. The aim of this study was to evaluate gastro-oesophageal reflux induced by coffee and tea before and after a decaffeination process, and to compare it with water and water-containing caffeine. Methods: Three-hour ambulatory pH-metry was performed on 16 healthy volunteers, who received 300 ml of (i) regular coffee, decaffeinated coffee or tap water (n = 16), (ii) normal tea, decaffeinated tea, tap water, or coffee adapted to normal tea in caffeine concentration (n= 6), and (iii) caffeine-free and caffeine-containing water (n= 8) together with a standardized breakfast. Results: Regular coffee induced a significant (P 〈 0.05) gastro-oesophageal reflux compared with tap water and normal tea, which were not different from each other. Decaffeination of coffee significantly (P 〈 0.05) diminished gastro-oesophageal reflux, whereas decaffeination of tea or addition of caffeine to water had no effect. Coffee adapted to normal tea in caffeine concentration significantly (P 〈 0.05) increased gastro-oesophageal reflux. Conclusions: Coffee, in contrast to tea, increases gastrooesophageal reflux, an effect that is less pronounced after decaffeination. Caffeine does not seem to be responsible for gastro-oesophageal reflux which must be attributed to other components of coffee.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00289.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraabdominal infections: Classification, mortality, scoring and pathophysiology (1991)
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 447-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Studien zu intraabdominellen Infektionen waren in der Vergangenheit auf Grund einer fehlenden Klassifikation der Peritonitis schwer zu vergleichen. In einem erst vor kurzem entwickelten System zur Klassifikation der Peritonitis ist die sekundäre Peritonitis, die die spontane akute Peritonitis, die postoperative und die posttraumatische Peritonitis beinhaltet, die häufigste Form einer komplizierten intraabdominellen Infektion. In mehreren Studien lag die Letalität der postoperativen Peritonitis immer noch zwischen 60 und 79%. Es wurden „Scores“ entwickelt, einige davon mit der Absicht, die Letalität der Peritonitis vorauszusagen. Obwohl der APACHE II Score den individuellen Verlauf einer Peritonitis nicht voraussagen kann, stellt er doch ein zuverlässiges, gültiges und objektives System zur Risikostratifizierung bei intraabdominellen Infektionen dar. Lokale Schädigung des Gewebes und bakterielle Kontamination setzen die Akut-Phase-Reaktion in Gang, bei der es zur Freisetzung einiger Zytokine wie TNFalpha, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) und Interleukin-6 (IL-6) kommt. IL-6 scheint eine wichtige Rolle in der Akut-Phase-Reaktion zu spielen, indem es u. a. zu einer Freisetzung von Akut-Phae Proteinen wie C-reaktives Protein aus den Hepatozyten führen kann. Vorläufige Messungen von IL-6 während der Peritonitis deuten auf eine mögliche Rolle des IL-6 als Verlaufsparameter einer Peritonitis hin.
    Notes: Summary Studies on intraabdominal infections have been difficult to compare in the past due to a missing system of classification for peritonitis. According to a recently developed classification system, secondary peritonitis, including spontaneous acute peritonitis, postoperative peritonitis and posttraumatic peritonitis, is the most common complication of severe intraabdominal infections. In several studies the mortality rate of postoperative peritonitis was still between 60% and 79%. Scoring systems were developed, some of them with the idea to predict mortality in peritonitis. Although the APACHE II score cannot predict the outcome of peritonitis in an individual patient, it is a reliable, valid and objective system for risk stratification in intraabdominal infections. Local trauma or bacterial contamination is responsible for an acute phase reaction, which involves the release of certain cytokines such as TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The IL-6 seems to play an important role in the mechanism of the acute phase reaction, acting on hepatocytes to release acute phase proteins (e. g. CRP). Preliminary results of investigations of IL-6 levels in peritonitis indicate a possible role for IL-6 as a predictor of the outcome of peritonitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726463
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First observation of bulk magnetic scattering using high-energy X-rays (1993)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Today, the most powerful methods for the investigation of magnetic structures are magnetic neutron diffraction and synchrotron-X-ray scattering in the energy range 3–15 keV. This paper reports the first successful experiment to exploit a new technique: the magnetic diffraction of hard X-rays with energies exceeding 80 keV. This technique combines some of the advantages of each of the aforementioned methods: namely high Q-space resolution (10−4 Å−1 radial and 10−5 Å−1 tangential) and bulk sensitivity (absorption length 〉〉 1 mm). It is shown that, compared to nominally 10 keV X-ray scattering, enhancement factors of several orders of magnitude can be obtained for the magnetic signal, owing to the increase in penetration depth. The magnetic cross section for these very hard X-rays is discussed, the new technique is compared with the existing methods and a preliminary experiment on MnF2 is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767393003423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary structure analysis of an insect virus with T=4 quasi-symmetry: Nudaurelia capensis ω virus (1991)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768190009326
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Box schemes on quadrilateral meshes (1993)
    Springer
    Computing 51 (1993), S. 271-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65N15 ; 65N99 ; 35A40 ; Box method ; boundary value problem ; finite volume method ; variational formulation ; stability ; error bounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Box-Methoden (Finite-Volumen-Methoden) sind verbreitete Verfahren zur Lösung physikalischer Erhaltungsgleichungen, insbesondere in der Strömungsmechanik. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Methoden für elliptische Differentialgleichungen untersucht, die Diagonal-Boxen und die Schwerpunkt-Boxen. Da die Box-Methoden im Sinne von Petrov-Galerkin-Verfahren interpretiert werden können, erhält man vergleichbar zur Finiten-Element-Methode eine variationsrechnerische Stabilitäts- und Fehleranalyse. Damit werdenO(h)- undO(h 2)-Fehlerabschätzungen hergeleitet. Lokale Eigenwertprobleme führen zu Stabilitätsaussagen. Allerdings ergibt sich eine Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl und Art gestörter Vierecke. Insbesondere die Diagonal-Boxen sind anfällig für lokale Störungen.
    Notes: Abstract Box schemes (finite volume methods) are widely used in fluiddynamics, especially for the solution of conservation laws. In this paper two box-schemes for elliptic equations are analysed with respect to quadrilateral meshes. Using a variational formulation, we gain stability theorems for two different box methods, namely the so-called diagonal boxes and the centre boxes. The analysis is based on an elementwise eigenvalue problem. Stability can only be guaranteed under additional assumptions on the geometry of the quadrilaterals. For the diagonal boxes unsuitable elements can lead to global instabilities. The centre boxes are more robust and differ not so much from the finite element approach. In the stable case, convergence results up to second order are proved with well-known techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238536
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological therapy after coronary angioplasty (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 294-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02116062
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