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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 451-457 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypercholesterolaemia ; Lovastatin ; platelet function ; prostacyclin receptors ; thromboxane receptors ; HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the effects of 12 weeks of lovastatin (20 mg per day) on platelet function and thromboxane formation in 18 patients with type II hypercholesterolaemia in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study. Lovastatin significantly reduced total serum and LDL-cholesterol by 20% and 25% respectively. Washed platelets of lovastatin-treated patients had significantly reduced collagen-induced aggregation and thromboxane formation ex vivo. There was no change in ADP-induced platelet aggregation, but a significant increase in prostacyclin (iloprost)-stimulated platelet cyclic AMP concentrations in lovastatin-treated patients. This was associated with a significant increase in the number of prostacyclin receptors in platelet membranes prepared from lovastatin-treated patients. There was also an increase in platelet thromboxane receptors. There were no such changes in the placebo group. These data confirm our original observation of normalization of platelet function in hypercholesterolaemia by HMGCoA reductase inhibitors and suggest changes in platelet membrane composition at the megakaryocyte level as a possible site of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Sepsis syndrome ; Fat infusion ; Medium chain triglycerides ; Prostaglandin ; Ventilation/perfusion distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fat emulsions containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT) have recently been introduced into clinical practice as a component of total parenteral nutrition. Since several authors reported increased pulmonary artery pressure and impaired gas exchange during intravenous (i.v.) fat use, in particular in septic patients, we studied the pulmonary hemodynamic and gas exchange effects of i.v. fat containg MCT and long chain triglycerides (LCT) in patients with sepsis syndrome. As the effects of fat emulsions have been attributed to increased formation of prostanoids, the production of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin was investigated by the determination of urinary thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F2α, respectively. The i.v. fat use did not induce any alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange, the distribution of ventilation and perfusion nor urinary probably content. We conclude that fat emulsions containing MCT induce little alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange. This result is probably due to reduced prostaglandin formation because fat emulsions containing MCT provide less prostaglandin precursors than pure LCT emulsions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1339-1340 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In vorliegender Studie wurde der Einfluß der basalen Prostazyklinbildung auf den Tonus menschlicher Nabelarterien untersucht. Die Hemmung der Prostazyklinbildung führte zu gesteigerter Kontraktilität der Arteriensegmente. Nach diesen Ergebnissen scheint Prostazyklin ein wirksamer endothelialer Vasodilatator umbilikaler Arterien zu sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 341 (1990), S. 308-315 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Prostacyclins ; PGE1 ; PGE2 ; Superoxide anion generation ; gb-Glucuronidase ; cAMP ; Ca2+ ; Human neutrophils ; Platelet activating factor (PAF) ; FMLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The action of PGE1, PGE2, PGI2 and iloprost on superoxide anion generation, lysosomal enzyme release, and changes of Ca2+ fluxes in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was studied in vitro. Both PGE-type compounds were equipotent inhibitors of FMLP-and PAF-stimulated superoxide anion generation, β-glucuronidase release (IC50 3–5 μmol/l) and Ca2+ influx while PGI2 and iloprost were ineffective at concentrations up to 10 μmol/l. These inhibitory actions of PGE1 and PGE2 were paralleled by an increase in cAMP level of the PMN while no change occurred with PGI2 and iloprost. None of the prostaglandins affected the initial intracellular Ca2+ liberation after challenge with FMLP or PAF. Preincubation of PMN with PGE1 and PGE2 but not with iloprost resulted in subsequent desensitization against a second administration of these compounds. None of the compounds affected PMN activation produced by arachidonic acid or calcimycin (A 23187). These data demonstrate that PGE-type compounds are effective inhibitors of receptor-mediated (PAF, FMLP) activation of human PMN while prostacyclins are considerably less potent. This suggests that the inhibitory prostaglandin receptor on human PMN belongs to the E-type being functionally different from the inhibitory prostaglandin receptor on human platelets. These results suggest that compounds, such as PGE1 and PGE2 might be superior to prostacyclins to prevent PMN-associated generation of reactive oxygen species and lysosomal enzyme release in situations with endogenous PMN activation, i. e. inflammatory reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 87 (1992), S. 2-11 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Prostaglandins ; leukotrienes ; thromboxanes ; myocardialcontraction ; intracellularsignaling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane A2 and other metabolites of C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids) have numerous effects in the cardiovascular system. Direct inotropic actions have been repeatedly described, but appear in only very few cases to be due to direct modification of the inotropic state of the heart. Specific eicosanoid receptors have been identified on the surface of the sarcolemmal membrane. Signal transduction pathways in the cardiac myocyte involve the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system or stimulation of the phospholipase C/IP3 pathway. In general, concentrations of eicosanoids which affect myocardial contractility are higher as the response is less predictable than the effects on platelet function or vessel tone. Therefore, eicosanoid-induced extracardiac effects may be superimposed to more direct changes in the contractile state of the intact heart in vitro or in vivo. In contrast to non-failing hearts, there is a significant improvement of the contractile function in contractile failure (“stunning”, ischemia, congestive heart failure) by vasodilating prostaglandins (e.g., PGI2). The mechanism of this action is still unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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