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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 27 (1994), S. 6956-6962 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Digital subtraction cisternography ; CT cisternography ; MR cisternography ; CSF fistula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exact preoperative localization of the dural defect is an essential requirement for successful surgery of CSF fistula. Eighteen digital subtraction cisternography (DSC) results reported here were performed upon 16 patients with CSF rhinorrhea and 1 patient with CSF otorrhea. The exact site of the dural lesion could be proved in 9 out of 11 cases with active CSF leakage. In 4 cases the fistula was located in the cribriform plate, whereas it was found in the planum sphenoidale and the middle cranial fossa in 2 and 3 cases respectively. The frontal basal cisterns could not be filled sufficiently with the contrast agent due to haematoma and a prefixed chiasm accompanied by arachnoid adhesions in two cases. DSC performed during the non-drip period (3 cases) and in patients suspected to have a CSF rhinorrhea (3 cases) did not reveal the site of leakage. The investigation was followed by CT cisternography which allowed delineation of the lesion in the coronal view. In addition. MR with heavily T 2-weighted images (modification of the rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement imaging) was performed upon 6 cases out of which the CSF fistula could be demarcated clearly in 4 patients, three with a traumatic CSF leakage and the other with an encephalomeningocele. Surgery performed successfully in 9 cases confirmed the predicted site of dural dehiscence. Being a dynamic investigation making the actual site of the CSF fistula visible, DSC is recommended in addition to CT cisternography which continues to be the most sensitive method for diagnosing dural and bony defects. It is suggested that heavily T 2-weighted MR images are useful in detecting the fistula in severe CSF rhinorrhea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gonadal steroids estradiol and progesterone have previously been shown to modulate the specific binding of the GABAA agonist, [3H]muscimol, in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the midbrain central gray of ovariectomized female rats. In this report we show a sex difference in the level of binding in the very caudal ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. In contrast to females, there is no steroid modulation of [3H]muscimol binding in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and midbrain central gray of males. These effects may be functionally related to GABAergic control of female sexual behavior. In contrast, steroid modulation of [3H]muscimol binding in the CA1 region of the hippocampus occurred to the same degree in males and females, and there was no difference in the level of binding in any region of the hippocampus between gonadectomized males and females.Incubation of brain slices with progesterone or its metabolite 5α-3α-pregnanolone dissolved in ethanol, produced a significant increase in [3H]muscimol binding in most brain regions as compared to control brain slices treated with ethanol alone. Moreover, there was also a marked increase in [3H]muscimol binding in all brain areas in the control condition which contained 100 mM ethanol, as compared to brain slices not preincubated with ethanol. The increase in binding after in vitro treatment with either progesterone or 5α-3α-pregnanolone is notably different from that seen after progesterone given in vivo 4 h prior to assay in that it is not site-specific, does not depend on prior treatment with estradiol and shows no sex difference. These results suggest different mechanisms for progesterone effects on the GABAA receptor when administered in vivo as compared to in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 3 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A variable amount of circulating testosterone that reaches brain cells is converted to biologically inactive 5β-reduced metabolites, namely, 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT) and 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol (5β,3α-diol). In avian species, the production of inactive 5β-DHT and 5β,3α-diol is highest during embryonic and post-hatching life. In the present study, we have investigated the possibility that 5β-reduction may not only correspond to a steroid inactivation pathway, but that 5β-reduced metabolites of testosterone may exert direct inhibitory effects on enzymatic pathways producing biologically active steroids. When added to hypothalamic homogen-ates prepared from adult male doves, 5β-DHT but not 5β,3α-diol inhibits the activity of the aromatase enzyme, which converts testosterone to 17β-oestradiol. During the first days after hatching, when the production of 5β-reduced metabolites is high, the hypothalamic aromatase is also inhibited by 5β-DHT. We conclude that a high 5β-reductase activity during sensitive periods for sexual differentiation may protect the avian brain from the differentiating effects of circulating androgens by inhibiting the production of oestrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 2 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The activity of three testosterone-metabolizing enzymes (aromatase, 5α-reductase and 5β-reductase) was determined in the quail brain using the Palkovits punch technique combined with a very sensitive radioenzyme assay. Sex differences and the effects of gonadectomy and testosterone treatment on the activity of the three enzymes were quantified in eight brain nuclei which are implicated in the control of various aspects of reproductive behavior and physiology. The aromatase was only present in a few brain areas in which its activity was strongly controlled by testosterone. In two brain regions (medial preoptic nucleus and preoptic area in general) the activity of the enzyme was higher in males than in females. These sex differences disappeared in gonadectomized birds and in gonadectomized birds treated with testosterone, suggesting that they might only result from different circulating steroids in both sexes. However, in the posterior part of the medial preoptic nucleus, there was a strong tendency for the induction of aromatase by testosterone to be larger in males than in females. This supports our earlier finding that in the preoptic area, the aromatase activity is sexually differentiated. This difference probably has a restricted neuroanatomical localization and could only be demonstrated by more precise anatomical methods such as immunocytochemistry. The two testosterone reductases (5α and 5β) showed a more homogeneous distribution in the brain. They were not affected by the hormonal treatments or the sex of the birds except for the 5β-reductase which was significantly more active in three brain nuclei of the females (ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, area hypothalamica lateralis and tuber) by comparison with the males. These sex differences were maintained irrespective of the hormonal status of the birds suggesting that they might be organizational in nature. The relation of these enzymes and their regulation to the control of reproduction is discussed and the usefulness of this approach combining punch technique and radioenzyme assay is evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ; Restensosis ; Cardiovascular risk factors ; Microalbuminuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microalbuminuria is known to be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. It is detectable in acute myocardial infarction and could therefore also be a risk factor for reocclusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). In our study follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 50 consecutive patients with a mean age of 56 years (38–70) on average 14 months after successful PTCA. Restenosis was defined as a decrease in diameter of 25% or more of the original result and one of at least 50% in vessel diameter. In the restenosis group there were 23 patients, and 27 showed no restenosis. The family history and anamnestic risk profile, results of the initially performed coronary angiography, and laboratory risk factors were comparable in the two groups. Median microalbumin was 11.2 mg/g creatinine in those with restenosis and 9.8 mg/g creatinine in those without. Using a cutoff of 10.0 mg/g creatinine, 12 of 23 patients with restenosis (52%) and 10 of 27 patients without (37%) were positive for microalbuminuria (NS). The incidence of microalbuminuria was higher in both groups compared to historical controls. Thus, in the restenosis group the incidence of microalbuminuria tended to be higher than in the nonrestenosis group, but since this difference did not reach statistical significance, it cannot be used to predict the risk of reocclusion after PTCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Oncogene ; c-erbB2 expression ; Breast cancer ; Prognosis ; Proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the prognostic value of c-erbB2-encoded protein p185 in breast cancer there are controversal opinions. With the outlook of an evaluation of the prognostic value of p185 expression in breast cancer the relationships between p185 expression and known prognosis factors were investigated. Using polyclonal antibody against p185 33% out of 163 primary breast carcinomas are p185-positive. Within the various histological types of tumors the percentage of p185 expression differs. It is suggested that p185 indicates a certain type of biological behavior and plays a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Thus the determination of p185 could allow definition of biological subclasses. A statistically significant correlation between expression of p185 and the presence of lymph node metastases or tumor size can not be proved. Nevertheless p185 expression is increased in cases with more than three positive lymph nodes. Expression of p185 correlates statistically significantly positively with histological grade and epidermal growth factor receptor, and negatively with steroid receptor status. Furthermore, high-proliferating tumors are more common in p185-positive cases than in p185-negative cases. It is concluded that p185 may be associated with an increased malignancy and proliferation activity of tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: AIDS ; Encephalopathy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the prognostic value of CT and MRI in AIDS we studied the survival of patients with neurological involvement, in relation to the initial imaging results. Twenty-six initial CT and 15 MRI examinations of 41 patients were reviewed for the presence of cerebral atrophy and/or focal lesions. The mean survival time of patients with initially normal imaging was longer (700±89 days) than that of patients with isolated cerebral atrophy (326±65) or isolated focal lesions (202±97). The shortest survival (78±44 days) was found in patients with both cerebral atrophy and focal lesions. The risk of death in patients with focal lesions alone 6.4 times higher, and in patients with both changes 19.3 times higher than in patients with initially normal imaging. Cerebral imaging with CT and/or MRI thus allows identification of AIDS-related cerebral changes and may contribute to assessment of prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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