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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Dysphagia 8 (1993), S. 98-104 
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Esophageal manometry ; Motility disorders ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Esophageal manometry allows to quantify intraluminal pressure changes as the basis of normal or abnormal esophageal motility. It is a complementary diagnostic procedure which should only be performed after endoscopic and fluoroscopic examinations and may be helpful in the detection of various motility disorders like diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and vigorous achalasia. Manometry is recommendable for therapy control after medical and surgical therapy, and mandatory prior to surgical reflux therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Barrett's esophagus ; Gastroesophageal reflux ; Adenocarcinoma ; High grade dysplasia ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Barrett's esophagus (i.e. columnar epithelial metaplasia in the distal esophagus) is an acquired condition that in most patients results from chronic gastroesophageal reflux. It is a disorder of the white male in the Western world with a prevalence of about 1/400 population. Due to the decreased sensitivity of the columnar epithelium to symptoms, Barrett's esophagus remains undiagnosed in the majority of patients. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with Barrett's esophagus has a more severe character and is more frequently associated with complications as compared with reflux patients without columnar mucosa. This appears to be due to a combination of a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, inefficient esophageal clearance function, and gastric acid hypersecretion. Excessive reflux of alkaline duodenal contents may be responsible for the development of complications (i.e., stricture, ulcer, and dysplasia). Therapy of benign Barrett's esophagus is directed towards treatment of the underlying reflux disease. Barrett's esophagus is associated with a 30- to 125-fold increased risk for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The reasons for the dramatic rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which occurred during the past years, are unknown. High grade dysplasia in a patient with columnar mucosa is an ominous sign for malignant degeneration. Whether an esophagectomy should be performed in patients with high grade dysplasia remains controversial. Complete resection of the tumor and its lymphatic drainage is the procedure of choice in all patients with a resectable carcinoma who are fit for surgery. In patients with tumors located in the distal esophagus, this can be achieved by a transhiatal en-bloc esophagectomy and proximal gastrectomy. Early adenocarcinoma can be cured by this approach. The value of multimodality therapy in patients with advanced tumors needs to be shown in randomized prospective trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Zenker's diverticulum ; Cervical myotomy ; Diverticulectomy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Surgery for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum was performed at our institution in a total of 43 patients over 6½ years. Cervical myotomy with diverticulectomy was performed in 32 of the patients and myotomy alone in 11. Mortality totaled 0%, with a reversible lesion of the recurrent nerve occurring in 7%. In 60% of the cases investigated preoperatively (N=40), motility disorders of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) could be demonstrated using manometry as well as with cineradiography in 92% of the patients. Follow-up studies in 39 of the cases 25 months (mean) postprocedure indicated 82% of the patients to be symptom-free, with the remaining 18% demonstrating a marked improvement. Postoperative manometry as well as cineradiography carried out in 12 patients revealed the presence of UES motility dyscoordination in 8% and 25%, respectively. There were, however, no signs of recurrence of the diverticulum. The high number of patients in our study group demonstrating motility disorders of the UES emphasizes the need for cervical myotomy as part of the surgical therapy for Zenker's diverticulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease ; Diagnosis ; pH monitoring ; Diagnostic studies ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most frequent benign diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and in some cases the diagnosis may be very difficult. There are many diagnostic procedures but none of them could prove or definitely exclude the disease. The 24-h pH-monitoring is the “gold standard” for detection of gastroesophageal reflux and in many patients the reflux correlates with the GERD. The evaluation of a diagnostic method has to be done in a similar manner to the evaluation of therapeutic study (phase 1 to phase 4). For the definition of the “gold standard” for detection of a special diagnosis (e.g., the gastroesophageal reflux disease), the results of phase 3 studies for different methods had to be compared. The method with the best values for sensitivity and specificity is yet to be discovered. Until now, pH monitoring has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of GERD. However, there are many problems connected with using this method in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Dysphagia 8 (1993), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Esophageal motility ; Surgical therapy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Surgical treatment is either the therapy of choice or a facultative procedure in various types of esophageal motility disorders. In achalasia, cardiomyotomy, frequently combined with fundoplasty, achieves good or excellent results in 〉80% of cases, and is, therefore, advised in cases when pneumostatic dilatation fails. Diverticulectomy and myotomy of the upper or lower esophageal sphincter are proven procedures to treat cervical and epiphrenic diverticula, leading to good/excellent results or at least an improvement in more than 95%. If, exceptionally, parabronchial diverticula require therapy, they should be excised transthoracically. Cervical myotomy is indicated in cases of cervical achalasia, when sufficient pharyngeal propulsion is preserved. In systemic diseases like scleroderma reflux induced complications may require surgical intervention in medically intractable cases. In these rather few cases, subtotal gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis is advised. In patients suffering from diffuse esophageal spasm or symptomatic “nutcracker” esophagus, extended esophageal myotomy can relieve symptoms. If a clear diagnosis is provided, about 75% of patients will have an improvement of symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 16 (1992), S. 1103-1103 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 8 (1994), S. 847-847 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les conditions nécessaires pour obtenir un bon résultat de la fundoplicature sont une sélection judicieuse des candidats à ce type de chirurgie, une technique irréprochable et une bonne compréhension des principes de la chirurgie du reflux. L'aspect principal est la construction d'un anneau périoesophagien autour de la jonction oesogastrique renforçant le sphincter et le rendant capable de vaincre la pression d'ouverture gastrique. Cela veut dir que l'intervention doit comporter une dissection poussée du fundus gastrique pour permettre la construction d'une valve adèquate et souple, courte (2 á 3 cm) et sa fixation correcte juste à l'endroit anatomique qui correspond au sphincter inférieur de l'oseophage. Si l'on observe ces principes, on évite la dysphagie postopératoire ou des désordres fonctionnels et on obtient en même temps un contrôle du reflux de longue durée chez approximativement 90% des patients à 10 ans. Les problèmes dus à un surserrage sont rares. Les résultats de ce type de chirurgie sont généralement excellents et doivent être confirmés par un contrôle par pHmétrie qui est presque obligatoire. Le principe de la fundoplicature reste la base de ce type de chirurgie. Les progrès actuels viennent de la chirurgie par coelioscopie qui permet une correction du reflux de manière moins invasive.
    Abstract: Resumen Los prerrequisitos para obtener un resultado exitoso después de fundoplicación son: selección cuidadosa del paciente, depurada técnica operatoria y un buen conocimiento de los principios de la cirugía antirreflujo. El aspecto más importante de la operación es la construcción de un anillo (manguito) periesofágico alrededor de la unión gastroesofágica con lo cual se fija el esfínter y, por lo tanto, se neutraliza la presión de apertura gástrica. Por consiquiente, la operación debe incluir: 1) generosa disección alrededor del fundus gástrico que permita construir una fundoplicación “floja” (floppy); 2) construcción del manguito tan corto como sea posible (2–3 cm), y 3) fijación adecuada del manguito en el lugar correcto sobre la región del esfínter esofágico inferior. La cuidadosa observación de estos principios evita la disfagia postoperatoria o las alteraciones gastrointestinales funcionales y logra el control del reflujo a largo plazo. Los problemas de hipercontinencia pueden ocurrir ocasionalmente, puesto la supresión de reflujo gastroesofágico es usualmente total y queda abolido cualquier reflujo fisiológico. Con el advenimiento de la moderna terapia farmacológica es necesario mantener los excelentes resultados que se logran con la fundoplicación, a pesar de que actualmente se realizan menos operaciones; por lo tanto, aparece mandatario un meticuloso control de calidad postoperatorio, incluyendo la monitoría de pH. El principio de la envolutra periosofágica probablemente se mantendra como la piedra angular de la cirugía antirreflujo. Sin embargo, muy posiblemente las actuales técnicas quirúrgicas habrán de evolucionar. Una modalidad que es motivo de investigación es la fundoplicación laparoscópica, método que hace el procedimiento mucho menos invasivo.
    Notes: Abstract The prerequisites for a successful outcome after fundoplication are careful patient selection, good technique, and an understanding of the principles of antireflux surgery. The most important aspect of any such operation is the construction of a peri-esophageal ring around the gastro-esophageal junction buttressing the sphincter and, thus, neutralizing the gastric opening pressure. Accordingly, the operation has to comprise: 1) generous dissection around the gastric fundus to allow the formation of a “floppy” fundoplication; 2) construction of the cuff as short as possible (2 cm to 3 cm); and 3) proper fixation of the cuff at the correct site in the region of the lower esophageal sphincter. Adherence to these principles will avoid postoperative dysphagia or functional gastro-intestinal disorders and produce long-lasting reflux control in approximately 90% of patients at 10 years. Problems of hypercontinence may occasionally occur since gastro-esophageal reflux suppression is usually complete and any physiological reflux abolished. With the advent of modern drug treatment, the excellent results achieved by fundoplication need to be maintained despite fewer operations. Careful postoperative quality control including pH monitoring is therefore mandatory. The principle of periesophageal wrapping is likely to remain the cornerstone of antireflux surgery. Current techniques are, however, likely to evolve. One direction being investigated is laparoscopic fundoplication, rendering the procedure much less invasive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 16 (1992), S. 347-348 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ces dernières années, les progrès dans les techniques endoscopiques et laparoscopiques ont incité plusieurs groupes de par le monde à rechercher les possibilités d'une voie d'abord peu invasive pour reconstruire un mécanisme antireflux défectueux chez des patients souffrant de reflux gastro-oesophagien résistant au traitement. Des essais prospectifs sont nécessaires pour évaluer l'efficacieté et la durabilité à long terme de telles procédures.
    Abstract: Resumen Las técnicas de endoscopia y laparoscopia de avanzada en los últimos años han llevado a varios grupos de diversas partes del mundo a investigar las posiblidades de emplear procedimientos mínimamente invasivos para reconstruir defectos en el mecanismo antirreflujo de pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico intratable. Aparece necesario realizar estudios prospectivos para evaluar la duración y la eficiencia a largo plazo de estos procedimientos.
    Notes: Abstract The advance of endoscopic and laparoscopic techniques in recent years has prompted several groups throughout the world to investigate the possibilities for a minimally invasive approach to reconstruct a defective antireflux mechanism in patients with intractable gastro-esophgeal reflux disease. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the long-term durability and efficiency of these procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 18 (1994), S. 877-878 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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