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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Divergence between populations of a monogamous polychaete with male parental care: Premating isolation and chromosome variation (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 107 (1990), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Low dispersal and sexual selection are characteristic of the coastal polychaeteNereis acuminata Ehlers 1868 [also known asNereis arenaceodentata Moore 1903 andNereis (Neanthes) caudata Delle Chiaje 1841]. We assessed levels of premating isolation between populations of this polychaete. Four North American populations were used, two from the Atlantic and two from the Pacific. Worms from all sites (1) were collected in 1987 and 1988 from the same habitat type, (2) were morphologically similar and keyed out asN. acuminata, and (3) reproduced monogamously and exhibited male parental care, an extremely rare reproductive mode in marine invertebrates. There was no evidence from 10-min or 36-h trials of premating isolation between the two Pacific populations. Incomplete premating isolation was found between the two Atlantic populations. High aggression and non-pairing occurred in some 10-min trials between males and females. However, in 36-h trials males and females from the two Atlantic populations always paired to mate. Complete premating isolation was found between Atlantic and Pacific populations. During 10-min trials, males and females from different oceans often attacked and then avoided each other, and they never paired to mate. Nor did they pair to mate in longer, 36-h trials. One Pacific and one Atlantic population were compared for tolerance to cold temperature. Pacific individuals were less able to tolerate cold water than Atlantic individuals. Two Atlantic populations studied had karyotypes with 11 pairs of small acrocentric chromosomes (2n=22), while the two Pacific populations had nine pairs of large metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes (2n=18). Such extreme dissimilarity in karyotype was not expected considering the similarity in morphology, habitat, and reproductive mode. Results suggest strongly that the Atlantic and Pacific populations have been allopatric for a long time, and are different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319819
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kidney Preservation Ex Vivo for Transplantation (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 43 (1992), S. 523-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.002515
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with continuous daily oral alendronate in comparison with either placebo or intranasal salmon calcitonin (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Bisphosphonates ; Alendronate ; Calcitonin ; Postmeno pausal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alendronate sodium (ALN) is a potent amino bisphosphonate which specifically inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and has been found to reverse bone loss in several animal models. To determine if daily oral ALN treatment could prevent or reverse bone loss in osteoporotic postmenopausal women, and to compare ALN to intranasal salmon calcitonin (CT), a 2-year, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study was initiated at 9 clinical centers in Italy. Two hundred and eighty six postmenopausal women (age 48–76) with spinal bone mineral density (BMD) ≥2 SD below adult mean peak, with or without vertebral crush fractures, were randomized to one of four treatment arms: ALN 10 mg daily, ALN 20 mg daily or matching placebo (these groups all double-masked), or CT 100 IU daily (open label) for 2 years. All patients received supplemental calcium (as carbonate) 500 mg daily. Bone mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the PA lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur (femoral neck and trochanter) at 6-month intervals. Subject safety was measured through sequential clinical and laboratory evaluation. A planned 1-year interim analysis of this ongoing study was performed cetrally in a manner that maintains the double-mask for all subjects receiving oral study drug. Relative to PBO, ALN at either 10 mg or 20 mg daily increased LS BMD by 4.7% and 6.1%, respectively; each increased femoral neck BMD by 3.1% and increased trochanter BMD by 3.3% and 3.8% respectively. In contrast, CT failed to significantly increase BMD of either the spine, femoral neck or trochanter, either relative to baseline or to PBO. ALN decreased biochemical markers or bone turnover, whereas both PBO and CT were ineffective. No serious adverse experiences attributable to the use of alendronate were detected. In summary, daily oral ALN for one year appears to be effective in decreasing bone turnover and increasing bone mass at the spine and the hip. In contrast, daily CT 100 IU had no significant effects either to reduce bone turnover or to increase bone mass at either site. In conclusion, ALN effectively increased bone mass in osteoporotic menopausal women, and was associated with an excellent safety profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623004
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis: Relationships of plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, soluble interleukin 2-receptor, soluble CD4/CD8 ratio, neopterin, and fibrin D-dimer to traditional severity and functional measures (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 12 (1992), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis ; immunity ; inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex inflammatory disease of unknown cause. Although various laboratory and clinical measurements are useful in managing these patients, there is a need for better tests to quantitatively assess disease activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of certain immune and inflammation (I-I) parameters with four traditional disease severity measures and a functional measure in rheumatoid arthritis patients. A single set of patient blood samples was analyzed, and four traditional disease severity measures and patient functional statuses were determined from 64 consecutive outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), sCD4 and sCD8 (and the sCD4/sCD8 ratio), neopterin, and fibrin D-dimer were analyzed in relationship to Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), physician assessment of disease activity, joint pain count, grip strength, and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS) scores. Rheumatoid arthritis patients had higher mean levels of all I-I measures (except sCD4) compared to healthy subjects. Initial significant correlations between TNF, sIL-2R, and D-dimer and several disease severity and functional measures were detected. When we controlled for the covariates age, gender, race, and medications, regression analyses indicated that, as a group, the I-I measures were significantly related to grip strength, physician disease severity rating, ESR, and total joint pain. When the predictive values of the I-I measures were tested controlling for the covariates and ESR, D-dimer was independently and significantly associated with variability in grip strength, physician disease severity, and AIMS physical disability, while TNF was associated with a significant amount of variability in total joint pain. The results indicate that these immune and inflammation parameters may be significantly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis patients and that certain measures (e.g., plasma fibrin D-dimer) may be especially useful in objectively evaluating disease activity in RA patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00920793
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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