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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lewis antigen expression on human monocytes and binding of pyrogenic toxins (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 41 (1994), S. 108-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Sudden infant death syndrome ; Staphylococcal enterotoxins ; LPS ; Nitric oxide ; TNF-α ; Lewis antigens ; Monocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Toxigenic bacteria such asBordetella pertussis andStaphylococcus aureus have been implicated in some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We have previously demonstrated that the Lewisa antigen is an epithelial cell receptor forS. aureus, and this study demonstrated that Lewisa on human monocytes is also a receptor for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Values obtained in assays for production of TNF-alpha and nitric oxide were greater for monocytes treated with SEB compared with those treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exposure to LPS increased the expression of Lewisa on monocytes. These results are discussed with reference to the reported enhancement of endotoxic shock by pyrogenic toxins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01986408
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of Mycoplasma arthritidis infection on the phagocytic activity of macrophages in rats and mice (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 76 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The phagocytic activity of mononuclear phagocytes of A/J mice and Wistar rats was estimated by the carbon clearance test following injection of Mycoplasma arthritidis. In mice, the overall phagocytic activity was significantly increased at the end of the first week (P 〈 0.0001), but the increase was marginal by the third and fourth weeks after injection. A significant increase in the relative weight of liver and spleen was observed even when phagocytic activity had returned to levels similar to those of controls (P 〈 0.001). In rats, the overall phagocytic activity was significantly increased until the fourth week (P 〈 0.00001). There was not, however, an increase in the relative weight of liver and spleen as observed for the mice. The results are discussed in the context of factors contributing to the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for differences in the patterns of arthritis due to mycoplasma observed in mice and rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04208.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Nutrition in Neural Tube Defects (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 10 (1990), S. 277-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.10.070190.001425
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon doping and lattice contraction of GaAs films grown by conventional molecular beam epitaxy (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 511-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon-doped GaAs films have been grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy using a graphite filament. The films were doped from 1×1015 cm−3 to 5×1019 cm−3 and the resulting mobilities are equivalent to beryllium-doped films. A slight dependence of As4/Ga flux ratio on carbon doping was observed. The use of either As2 or As4 did not significantly affect the carbon doping concentrations. Lattice contractions were observed for films doped heavily with carbon or beryllium. For a given doping concentration the contraction is more significant for carbon doping which is consistent with the smaller tetrahedral covalent radius of carbon compared to beryllium. Good agreement between observed and calculated lattice contractions with carbon doping is obtained. Annealing studies on a film doped with carbon at 5×1019 cm−3 indicate that the electrical properties and lattice contraction are quite stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347695
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon tetrabromide carbon doping of molecular beam epitaxial (GaAs) films (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 202-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GaAs films were doped with carbon up to a hole concentration of 1.3×1020 cm−3 using CBr4 vapor. The material quality of the heavily doped films was found to be better than that obtained using evaporated carbon. Improvements at the highest doping levels include better surface morphology, higher hole mobilities, significantly stronger photoluminescence, and near unity substitutional incorporation. Doping pulses created using CBr4 exhibited abrupt transitions. From the results it is suggested that the material quality of the films doped with evaporated carbon are degraded at high doping levels due to surface combination of reactive carbon species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111504
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliadin antibodies identify gluten-sensitive oral ulceration in the absence of villous atrophy (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 20 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study demonstrates gluten-sensitive recurrent oral ulceration (ROU) in the absence of gastrointestinal abnormalities which is associated with a humoral response to wheat protein. Ten patients with severe ROU were investigated; all had normal small intestinal biopsies. Four patients had raised levels of antibodies to alpha gliadin, a wheat protein fraction; in three of these four, the ulceration remitted on treatment with a gluten-free diet (G.F.D.) and relapsed on gluten challenge. None of the remaining six patients had raised alpha gliadin antibody (AGA) levels and none responded to G.F.D. Thus raised AGA levels can be used to identify patients with ROU who are likely to respond to a GFD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1991.tb00407.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The equivalence of four extensions of context-free grammars (1994)
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 27 (1994), S. 511-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract There is currently considerable interest among computational linguists in grammatical formalisms with highly restricted generative power. This paper concerns the relationship between the class of string languages generated by several such formalisms, namely, combinatory categorial grammars, head grammars, linear indexed grammars, and tree adjoining grammars. Each of these formalisms is known to generate a larger class of languages than context-free grammars. The four formalisms under consideration were developed independently and appear superficially to be quite different from one another. The result presented in this paper is that all four of the formalisms under consideration generate exactly the same class of string languages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01191624
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential role of bacterial toxins in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1993), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Bacterial-toxins ; SIDS ; Bakterien-Toxine ; SIDS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einigen Fällen des Sudden Infant Death Syndrom (SIDS) wurde die Rolle Toxin bildender Bakterien diskutiert. Obwohl es keinen Beweis gibt, daß Clostridia spp. mit SIDS in Großbritanien assoziiert sind, sind von signifikanter Anzahl dieser Kinder bei der Autopsie Stämme von Stapylokkokus aureus isoliert worden, welche Fieber erzeugende Toxine produzieren. Die Fieber erzeugenden Toxine, welche von einigen Stämmen der Gruppe A Streptokkokus pyogenes produziert werden, wie auch von Staphylokkoken, sind mächtige „Superantigene”, welche signifikante physiologische Effekte haben unter Einbeziehung der Induktion von Fieber mit mehr als 38°C. In diesem Artikel werden Interaktionen zwischen genetischen und Umgebungsfaktoren erörtert, welche die Kolonisierung epithelialer Oberflächen durch Toxin bildende Staphylokkoken steigern könnten: die Expression des Lewisa Antigens des Kindes, welches als Rezeptor für einige Mikroorganismen wirksam ist; virale Infektionen; die Auswirkung des mütterlichen Rauchens auf die Empfänglichkeit für Atemwegsinfektionen. Basierend auf epidemiologischen Befunden und Laboratoriumsuntersuchungen wird eine Hypothese vorgeschlagen, wie Bakterien; welche pyrogene Toxine produzieren, zu einigen plötzlichen Kindstodesfällen beitragen könnten.
    Notes: Summary Toxigenic bacteria have been implicated in some cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Although there is not much evidence thatClostridia spp. are associated with SIDS in Britain, strains ofStaphylococcus aureus producing pyrogenic toxins have been isolated from significant numbers of these infants at autopsy. The pyrogenic toxins, produced by some strains of group AStreptococcus pyogenes as well as staphylococci, are powerful “superantigens” that have significant physiological effects including induction of fever 〉 38°C. In this article, interactions between genetic and environmental factors that might enhance colonization of epithelial surfaces by toxigenic staphylococci are analyzed: infant's expression of Lewisa antigen which acts as a receptor for some microorganisms; viral infections; the effect of mother's smoking on susceptibility to respiratory infection. Based on epidemiological findings and laboratory investigations, a hypothesis is proposed to explain how bacteria producing pyrogenic toxins might contribute to some cot deaths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01222118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sudden unexpected nocturnal deaths among Thai immigrant workers in Singapore (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 106 (1994), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Unexpected deaths ; Toxins ; SUND ; Plötzliche unerwartete Nacht-Todesfälle (SUND) ; Risikofaktoren ; Ätiologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Plötzliche unerwartete nächtliche Todesfälle (SUND) ereignen sich bei jungen, offensichtlich gesunden Einwanderungs-Arbeitern aus Thailand, den Philippinen und aus Bangladesh, welche zwischen heimatlichen Arbeitskräften in Ländern wie Singapur und Saudi-Arabien leben. Mehrere Faktoren, welche mit diesen Todesfällen assoziiert sind, sind ähnlich zu jenen, welche für das Syndrom des plötzlichen Kindstodes (SIDS) beobachtet wurden: Beziehung zum Schlaf und im wesentlichen nächtliches Auftreten; keine prodromalen Erkrankungen, außer einer geringen Infektion des Respirationstrakts; Exposition zu Zigarettenrauch; Fehlen von invasiven Mikroorganismen bei der Obduktion. Die Hypothesen, welche vorgeschlagen wurden, um diese Todesfälle zu erklären, werden untersucht. Basierend auf unseren Untersuchungen über die Rolle, welche toxinproduzierende Bakterien in einigen SIDS-Fällen spielen könnten, schlagen wir eine neue Annäherung für die Untersuchung von SUND vor.
    Notes: Summary Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal. Deaths (SUND) occur in young, apparently healthy immigrant workers from Thailand, the Philippines and Bangladesh living among ex-patriot labour forces in countries such as Singapore and Saudi Arabia. Several factors associated with these deaths are similar to those observed for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): sleep related and mainly noturnal occurrence; no prodromal illnesses other than mild respiratory tract infection; exposure to cigarette smoke; absence of invasive microorganisms at autopsy. The hypotheses proposed to explain these deaths in adults are examined. Based on our studies of the role toxigenic bacteria might play in some cases of SIDS, we suggest a new approach to the investigation of SUND.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371338
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