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  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 18 (1994), S. 26-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently there has been a surge of new interest in three-dimensional wake patterns. In the present work, we have devised a method to control the spanwise end conditions and wake patterns using “end suction”, which is both continuously-variable and admits transient control. Classical steady-state patterns, such as parallel or oblique shedding or the “chevron” patterns are simply induced. The wake, at a given Reynolds number, is receptive to a continuous range of oblique shedding angles (θ), rather than to discrete angles, and there is excellent agreement with the “cos θ” formula for oblique-shedding frequencies. We show that the laminar shedding regime exists up to Reynolds numbers (Re) of 205, and that the immense disparity among reported critical Re for wake transition (Re = 140–190) can be explained in terms of spanwise end contamination. Our transient experiments have resulted in the discovery of new phenomena such as “phase shocks” and “phase expansions”, which can be explained in terms of a simple model assuming constant normal wavelength of the wake pattern. Peter Monkewitz (Lausanne) also predicts such transient phenomena from a Guinzburg-Landau model for the wake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 616 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1854-1856 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: There has been some question recently as to whether the far-wake structure of a bluff body is dependent on, or "connected'' with, the precise details of the near-wake structure. Indeed, it has previously been assumed that there is no direct connection in scale or frequency. In the present work, observations are shown of a honeycomb-like 3-D pattern in the far wake, which is caused by an interaction between the decaying oblique shedding waves from upstream and large-scale 2-D waves in the far wake. A clear "connection'' between the 3-D scales of the near and far wakes is thereby demonstrated. The symmetry and spanwise wavelength of Cimbala et al.'s [J. Fluid Mech. 190, 265 (1988)] 3-D pattern are precisely consistent with such wave interactions. In the presence of parallel shedding, the lack of a honeycomb pattern shows that the pattern is clearly dependent on oblique vortex shedding. It also follows that for oblique shedding, the far-wake 2-D waves cannot possibly be the result of vortex pairing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 33 (1994), S. 2029-2033 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 3014-3017 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small head-on photomultiplier (HR2247) with "half photocathode gating'' is being used for detection in a superheterodyne mixing scheme. The HR2247 has a spectral range of 160–650 nm, a frequency response to 1 GHz and is inexpensive. A gate mesh covers part of the photocathode surface. Internal mixing is accomplished by applying a rf signal to the gate mesh. A fiber-optic/objective assembly mounted on an X-Y stage scans the position of the incident laser beam on the mesh. In order to evaluate the suitability of the HR2247 for practical fluorescence and imaging experiments, the photocathode surface was mapped at 41, 205, 410, 615, and 820 MHz modulation frequencies for variations in phase and modulation. The mixed signal at any point on the gate mesh can be optimized by adjusting the potential at the gate mesh.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2155-2156 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A photoacoustic cell was designed for routine studies (e.g., samples adsorbed on filter paper). Teflon disks that are easily cleaned and removed are used as the sample holders. The cell was characterized by recording the photoacoustic waveform with a digital oscilloscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meccanica 29 (1994), S. 411-429 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Wake ; Vortex shedding ; Karman street ; Fluid mechanics ; Vortex dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Recentemente è rinato l'interesse per i modelli tridimensionali di scie, sia da un punto di vista sperimentale che da uno analitico. Una delle scoperte centrali è che le modalità di produzione dei vortici sono dipendenti dalle condizioni agli estremi di un lungo cilindro. Nel presente lavoro, è stato formulato un metodo per controllare le condizioni finali agli estremi di un cilindro per mezzo di variabili continue di significato non-meccanico, cioè per mezzo dell'aspirazione agli estremi. La tecnica permette una variazione continua delle condizioni agli estremi ed ammette controllo transitorio od impulsivo. Con questo metodo sono semplicemente indotti i classici modelli a stato fissato, come anche quelli che prevedono produzioni di vortici parallele od oblique o quellichevron. Questi esperimenti dimostrano che la scia, ad un dato numero di Reynolds, ammette una distribuzione continua (ma limitata) di angoli per distribuzioni oblique, piuttosto che una discreta. In questi risultati c'è un eccellente accordo con la formula del coseno per frequenze di produzioni oblique e collassanti su di una curva di frequenzauniversale. L'uso dell'aspirazione ha evitato i moti largamente instabili alle estremità del cilindro, provocati dalle scie delle parti terminali dei manipolatori, e si osserva che il regime laminare diffondente esiste oltre un numero di Reynolds pari a 205. La sorprendentemente larga disparità tra le misure di numeri di Reynolds critici, riportati per transizioni di scia (Re=140÷200) durante gli ultimi quattro anni, può essere ora spiegata in termini di contaminazione della estensione della lunghezza del cilindro.
    Notes: Abstract Recently there has been a new surge of interest in three-dimensional wake patterns, from both an experimental and analytical standpoint. One of the central discoveries is that the patterns of vortex shedding are dependent on the specific end conditions of a long cylinder span. However, a number of outstanding questions have remained unanswered, in part because techniques had not existed to control such patterns in a continuous fashion and from outside a test facility. In the present work, we have devised a method to control the end conditions of a cylinder span by non-mechanical and continuously-variable means, namely by the use of end suction. The technique allows a continuous variation of end conditions and admits transient or impulsive control. With the method, the classical steady-state patterns, such as parallel or oblique shedding or the ‘chevron’ patterns are simply induced. These experiments demonstrate that the wake, at a given Reynolds number, is receptive to a continuous (but limited) range of oblique shedding angles (θ), rather than to discrete angles. There is excellent agreement in these results with the ‘cos θ’ formula for collapsing oblique-shedding frequencies onto a single ‘universal’ frequency curve. The use of suction has avoided the grossly unsteady motions at the ends of the cylinder span brought about by the wakes of mechanical end manipulators, and we show that the laminar shedding regime exists up to Reynolds numbers (Re) of 205. The surprisingly large disparity among reported measurements of criticalRe for wake transition (Re=140−200), over the last forty years, can now be explained in terms of spanwise end contamination. The control technique has also allowed experiments to be performed, which have resulted in the discovery of new phenomena such as ‘phase shocks’ and ‘phase expansions’. A major difference between these phenomena is that phase shocks (involving regions of straight vortices) translate spanwise at constant speed, crossing the complete span in a finite time, whereas a phase expansion (involving curved vortices) requires an infinite time to complete its development across the span. These transient wake patterns are well illustrated using a simple model, based on experimental measurements, that thenormal wavelength for oblique or parallel vortices remains constant. However, a detailed and close comparison between our experimental results and those results from analytical modelling of the wake using Ginzburg-Landau modelling (in collaboration with Peter Monkewitz at Lausanne) is presently underway. These equations yield a Burger's equation for the spanwise wavenumber (or phase gradient), from which both (phase) shocks and expansions are well-known solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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