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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 397-403 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Smoke visualization studies have been made on the flow fields of wall bounded vortices generated by puffing air through an orifice. The characteristics of wall bounded vortices produced by three orifices constructed by placing a dividing plate perpendicular to a circular orifice plate have been investigated. The three orifices were a full circular opening, a three-quarter circular opening, and a semicircular opening. It was found that the vorticity concentrated in the wall shear layer of the three-quarter and semicircular orifices was due to the separation of the boundary layer on the dividing plate and its interaction with the arch shaped vortex generated at the perimeter of the orifice. An interesting observation is that the wall bounded vortex from the semicircular orifice moved in a stable manner, whereas, the vortex ring produced by the circular orifice with the dividing plate at the bottom of the orifice was extremely unstable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: mepitiostane ; superlipophilicity ; lymph–blood partition ratio ; dynamic partitioning model ; chylomicron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The partition of mepitiostane, testosterone, and some structurally related compounds between lymph and blood in rat jejunum (lymph–blood partition ratio; LBPR) was determined, and the quantitative relationship between LBPR and lipophilicity was examined. When the ΔR m values (hydrophobic parameter derived from the mobility) relative to testosterone were 〈0.2, their logLBPRs remained approximately constant in the range of −2 to −3. When the ΔR m values of the compounds were 〉0.2, a linear correlation (r = 0.986, n = 8) was observed between these values and the logLBPRs. The LBPR, but not the extent of lymphatic absorption, of lipophilic molecules was determined strictly by the superlipophilicity, and for high partitioning into the lymph (〉50% of the absorbed amount), the ΔR m value had to be 〉0.50 (5.65 as the logP value). The relationship between LBPR and superlipophilicity could be explained on the basis of the theoretical equations derived from absorption kinetics based on a dynamic partitioning model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: mepitiostane ; intrinsic lymphatic partition rate ; intestinal lymphatics ; portal absorption ; epitiostanol ; oleic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mepitiostane (MP), epitiostanol (EP), and oleic acid were administered to the jejunal loop of mesenteric vein- and thoracic duct-cannulated rats, and the intrinsic lymphatic partition rate (ILPR) of the absorbed compounds was directly determined. When 14C-EP was administered to the jejunal loop, recovery of unchanged EP in the mesenteric blood and the lymph was 7.9 and 0.03% of the administered dose, respectively. In contrast, following administration of 14C-MP, recovery of unchanged MP in the mesenteric blood and the lymph was 1.2 and 15.0%, respectively. Thus, following passage through the mucosal cell, 99.6% of the unchanged EP was partitioned into the blood and 0.4% into the lymph, while for unchanged MP, 7.6% was partitioned into the blood and 92.4% into the lymph. When 14C-oleic acid was administered to the jejunal loop, most of the penetrating oleic acid was incorporated into triglycerides in epithelial cells and transferred exclusively into the lymph. However, of the unchanged oleic acid, only 37.6% was partitioned into the lymph and 62.4% into the blood. The ILPR was 92.4% for MP, 0.4% for EP, and 37.6% for oleic acid. We conclude that the ILPR values indicate the true lymphotropic property of the compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 9 (1992), S. 1617-1621 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: mepitiostane ; epitiostanol ; intrinsic lymphatic partition rate ; lipophilicity ; chylomicron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Substitution of the steroid epitiostanol (EP) at position 17 with methoxycyclopentane yields the extremely lipophilic mepitiostane (MP) with preferential partitioning into the lymph. Most of the MP in the lymph was associated with the core lipids of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), as was also the case for EP. However, the dialysis velocity of EP and MP from lymph to plasma differed greatly; EP, but not MP, was transferred from the lymph to the plasma. This difference was attributed to differences in their unbound fraction in the lymph. Lymphatic transfer and the logP value of several tested steroids correlated well. Therefore, the oral EP prodrug, MP, partitioned into the lymph because of its superlipophilicity and resultant retention in the core lipids of chylomicrons and VLDL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 364-369 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: moxalactam ; epimerization ; frozen plasma ; frozen urine ; electrolyte ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The epimerization of moxalactam (LMOX) in frozen urine and plasma samples was studied during long-term storage. The R/S ratio at equilibrium [(R/S)eq] at −10°C was similar in urine and in rat and human plasma ultrafiltrate but differed from that in water. The (R/S)eq values in human plasma and its ultrafiltrate differed slightly, while they were the same in rat plasma and in its ultrafiltrate. The difference for the human plasma and ultrafiltrate may result from differences in plasma protein binding between R- and S-epimers in the liquid region of the frozen plasma. The change of R/S ratio in frozen human plasma continued below the collapse temperature of LMOX aqueous solution, where the liquid region appeared still to exist as determined by NMR measurement. Consequently, the biological LMOX samples should be preserved at or below −70°C to prevent changes in the R/S ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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