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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of neural intrapancreatic non-cholinergic non-adrenergic mechanisms to glucose-induced insulin release in the isolated rat pancreas (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 1133-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Intrinsic nerves ; isolated rat pancreas ; insulin ; somatostatin ; glucagon ; glucose ; adrenergic ; cholinergic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the isolated rat pancreas the effect of intrapancreatic non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves was examined upon insulin, glucagon and somatostatin release during perturbations of perfusate glucose. Elevation of glucose from 1.6 to 8.3 mmol/l increased insulin and somatostatin secretion and inhibited glucagon release. The first phase of insulin secretion was significantly reduced by the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin to 55% of the controls (p〈0.05). The somatostatin response was attenuated by tetrodotoxin while the change of glucagon remained unaffected. In contrast the combined adrenergic and cholinergic blockade with atropine, phentolamine and propranolol (10−5mol/l) did not modify the insulin, glucagon and somatostatin response. When glucose was changed from 8.3 to 1.6 mmol/l, the reduction of insulin and somatostatin release was not modified by tetrodotoxin, but stimulation of glucagon was significantly attenuated by 60–70% (p〈0.03), which was similar to the effect of combined adrenergic and cholinergic blockade. Subsequently, the effect of neural blockade was examined during more physiological perturbations of perfusate glucose levels. When glucose was changed from 3.9 to 7.2 mmol/l, tetrodotoxin also attenuated first phase insulin response by 40% while cholinergic and adrenergic blockade had no effect. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-Nitro-l-arginine-methylester (l-NAME) did not alter the glucose-induced insulin response indicating that nitric oxide is not involved in this mechanism. It is concluded that neural non-adrenergic noncholinergic mechanisms contribute to the first, but not second phase of glucose-induced insulin release. Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic effects do not participate in regulation of glucagon and somatostatin secretion under the conditions employed. The non-adrenergic non-cholinergic effect is most likely of peptidergic nature and remains to be examined in greater detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401366
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationship between Enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the ATP synthases (F1F0) of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 148 (1987), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: F1F0 ATP synthase ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Phylogenetic relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ATP synthase complex of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KF1F0) has been purified and characterized. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the purified F1F0 complexes revealed an identical subunit pattern for E. coli (EF1F0) and K. pneumoniae. Antibodies raised against EF1 complex and purified EF0 subunits recognized the corresponding polypeptides of EF1F0 and KF1F0 in immunoblot analysis. Protease digestion of the individual subunits generated an identical cleavage pattern for subunits α, β, γ, ε, a, and c of both enzymes. Only for subunit δ different cleavage products were obtained. The isolated subunit c of both organisms showed only a slight deviation in the amino acid composition. These data suggest that extensive homologies exist in primary and secondary structure of both ATP synthase complexes reflecting a close phylogenetic relationship between the two enterobacteric tribes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414810
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-coupled effects of repeated vestibular and optokinetic stimulations on the dynamics of the vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes in the cat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibuloocular reflex ; Optokinetic reflex ; Habituation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cats were submitted to repeated step stimulations either vestibular or optokinetic. Regardless of which of the two stimuli was used, dynamic modifications were observed in both vestibulo-ocular response and optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). The progressive changes in post-rotational nystagmus and OKAN were quantified by measuring the duration of their primary phase. A parallel evolution of these two parameters was found. When repeated unidirectional vestibular stimulations were used, the same asymmetry was induced in both vestibuloocular responses and OKAN. These results support the hypothesis that the vestibulo-ocular and the optokinetic reflex share a common velocity storage mechanism, although alternative hypotheses cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271861
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity characteristics of smooth pursuit eye movements to different patterns of target motion (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pursuit velocity ; Eye movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements were recorded in normal subjects in response to different patterns of target motion that was either periodic or not. Periodic patterns were triangular and sinusoidal waves. Non-periodic patterns were ramps with either constant or sinusoidally varying velocity. In both cases, several different amplitudes and peak velocities were considered. The experimental results indicate that (a) the performance of the smooth pursuit system depends on the spatio-temporal characteristics of target motion, (b) the relationship between smooth pursuit eye velocity and target velocity during the tracking of constant velocity ramps is strongly nonlinear with a saturation depending on the amplitude of target excursion, (c) in the remaining experimental conditions, there is a linear behaviour up to target velocities of 75 deg/s with a gain of about 0.9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236858
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of interstimulus interval on the development of vestibular habituation to repeated velocity steps (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 10-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular habituation ; Velocity step ; Interstimulus interval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to clarify the problem of which stimulus parameters affect vestibular habituation, a group of cats was submitted to repeated velocity steps involving changes in either the step amplitude or the interval between two consecutive steps. In the first two experiments, the protocol was the same as in a previous study which used steps of 160°/s separated by 60 s, except that the steps were of 80°/s and 16°/s. In the remaining experiments the step amplitude was kept constant (160°/s) and the interstimulus interval was changed: each step was delivered either immediately after the reversal of the nystagmus elicited by the preceding step (only a few beats in the reversed direction were allowed to occur) or immediately before (no beats in the reversed direction). Vestibular habituation was found to occur in both experiments of the first series. Nevertheless, the marked initial suppression of the response, that was reported as one aspect of vestibular habituation to steps of 160°/s, was clearly present when steps of 80°/s were used, but was not as clear when the step amplitude was reduced to 16°/s. The experiments of the second series showed that a typical vestibular habituation still occurs when steps are delivered just after the reversal of nystagmus. On the contrary, no habituation was observed when steps preceded the reversal of nystagmus. It was concluded that the presence of an anticompensatory phase is interpreted by the central nervous system as a sign that the response evoked in a reflex way is functionally meaningless or even detrimental. An habituation process is then started to suppress the response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237660
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum (1994)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis from 10-14% polyethylene glycol 4000 and 10-14% 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol at pH 6.4 in the presence of 0.25%(w/v) n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. These crystals belong to space group P21212 with refined lattice constants a = 41.1 Å, b= 156.8, c = 43.6 Å, indicating a cell content of one monomer per asymmetric unit of the crystal. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.2 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444993009941
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New precursors in the chemistry of IVB transition metal alkoxides. III. Synthesis and structure of Zr2Co2(μ3-OC3H7)2(μ2-OC3H7)4(OC3H7)4(acetylacetone)2 (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 750-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270190011337
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preservation of immobilized bacterial cell-matrix by drying for direct use in microbial sensors (1993)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Bacterial immobilized cells ; liquid-drying ; preservation ; microbial biosensors ; xenobiotics detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A simple and effective method for the drying of immobilized bacterial cells to be used directly in a microbial biosensor for measurement of activity is reported. As a case example, plasmid-bearing cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134, DSM 4058 were immobilized on various carriers and liquid-dried. The dried cell-matrix was used directly after rehydration/reactivation as the biological component of a biosensor for determining the concentration of xenobiotic compounds in the environment. Good viability results were obtained after long-term storage and cells exhibited no loss of plasmids responsible for the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degradation. The activity of the cells for 2,4-D was proved using a respiration electrode. No time-consuming, repeated cell cultivation and harvesting was required, as the cells preserved from a single batch served as a continuous source for activity measurements. Many other microbial cultures can be preserved by this method and the cells preserved in the form of immobilized dried cell-matrix can be used directly to perform enzymatic tests, complex biochemical conversions and for production in the reactors. The dried cell-matrix can serve as a stable interchangeable component for a multipurpose biosensor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327847
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empfindlichkeit klinisch wichtiger Bacteroides spp. gegenüber den Kombinationen Enoxacin-Metronidazol und Enoxacin-Clindamycin (1989)
    Springer
    Infection 17 (1989), S. S11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To assess the activity of enoxacin, clindamycin and metronidazole, MICs of clinical isolates of saccharolytic intestinalBacteroides spp. were determined, using the agar dilution method according to NCCLS guidelines. Checkerboard titrations of enoxacin-metronidazole and enoxacin-clindamycin were done on Wilkins-Chalgren agar; inoculation, incubation and reading of plates were as for determination of MICs. Metronidazole MIC90s forBacteroides fragilis (23 strains) andBacteroides thetaiotaomicron (23 strains) were 0.5 mg/l, clindamycin MIC90 forB. fragilis was 1 mg/l, and forB. thetaiotaomicron 8 mg/l, whereas enoxacin MIC90 values were 16 mg/l and 64 mg/l, respectively. The evaluation of the inhibitory effects of the combination enoxacinmetrondazole forB. fragilis showed additional effects in eleven strains, indifference in seven strains and antagonism in one. The figures forB. thetaiotaomicron showed addition in five strains, indifference in 17 strains, antagonism in one. ForB. fragilis the combination enoxacin-clindamycin showed addition in ten strains, indifference in six, and antagonism in one; forB. thetaiotaomicron synergism in one strain, addition in four strains, indifference in 17 strains. In conclusion, the absence of antagonism and the overall preponderance of additional and indifferent effects warrant the use of enoxacin in combination with metronidazole or clindamycin in clinical trials of treatment of anaerobicaerobic mixed infections.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen (MHK) von Enoxacin, Clindamycin und Metronidazol wurden bei klinischen Isolaten saccharolytischer intestinalerBacteroides spp. mittels der Agardilutionsmethode entsprechend den NCCLS-Richtlinien bestimmt. Mit den Kombinationen Enoxacin-Clindamycin und Enoxacin-Metronidazol wurden Schachbrett-Titrationen auf Wilkins-Chalgren-Agar durchgeführt, Inokulation, Inkubation und Ablesung der Platten erfolgte wie bei der MHK-Bestimmung. Die MHK90 von Metronidazol betrug beiBacteroides fragilis (23 Stämme) und beiBacteroides thetaiotaomicron (23 Stämme) in beiden Fällen 0,5 mg/l; die MHK90 von Clindamycin war beiB. fragilis 1 mg/l und beiB. thetaiotaomicron 8 mg/l, bei Enoxacin betrugen die entsprechenden Werte 16 bzw. 64 mg/l. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Kombinationstestung Enoxacin-Metronidazol zeigte bei elfB. fragilis-Stämmen eine additive Wirkung, Indifferenz bei sieben und Antagonismus bei einem Stamm. BeiB. thetaiotaomicron lauteten die Ergebnisse Addition bei fünf Stämmen, Indifferenz bei 17 und Antagonismus bei einem Stamm. Die Kombination Enoxacin-Clindamycin war bei zehn Stämmen vonB. fragilis additiv wirksam, indifferent bei sechs und antagonistisch bei einem Stamm, beiB. thetaiotaomicron war ein Synergismus bei einem Stamm, Addition bei vier und Indifferenz bei 17 Stämmen zu beobachten. Der fehlende Antagonismus und das Überwiegen additiver oder indifferenter Effekte läßt den Gebrauch der Kombinationen Enoxacin-Clindamycin bzw. Enoxacin-Metronidazol in klinischen Untersuchungen bei der Behandlung anaerob-aerober Mischinfektionen sinnvoll erscheinen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01643627
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of trisodium hydrogenorthosilicate monohydrate (1990)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 46 (1990), S. 1365-1368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270189011650
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