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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 412 (1988), S. 417-421 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Exercise ; Creatine kinase isoenzymes ; Aspartate aminotransferase ; Sex difference ; Muscle damage ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in creatine kinase (CK) activity and CK isoenzyme profiles in plasma after exercise were studied in rats in order to establish the source of the exercise-induced rise in CK activity. Male and female rats ran on a treadmill for 2 h and blood samples, taken before and after exercise, were assayed for total CK, CK isoenzymes and aminoaspartate transaminase (AST) activity. These enzymes were also assayed in homogenates of liver and several muscles. We found that the isoenzyme composition of liver, plasma and muscle did not differ between the sexes. However, the exercise-induced CK and AST responses did differ: CK and AST increased after exercise in males (101% and 15% resp.), but much less in females (47% and 1%). Although the isoenzyme profiles in rest did not differ, significant differences were observed after running: in males CK-MM inereased with 678%, but females only showed a 114% increase. In contrast, CK-BB showed a small increase that was about the same for both sexes (males 41%, females 35%). We conclude that both males and females show a small and similar increase in CK-BB activity after exercise, and that a large release of CK-MM from skeletal muscle, observed only in males, accounts for sex-linked differences reported earlier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 9 (1985), S. 103-115 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le programme d'étude des organes artificiels à Berlin a débuté il y a plus de 20 ans. En ce qui concerne le coeur il s'est attaché à la mise au point d'un coeur artificiel de type électro-pneumatique cependant que la recherche concernait simultanément la mise au point d'un appareil d'assistance cardiaque temporaire et l'étude biologique des matériaux. Les thèmes de ce programme sont les suivants: (a) interactions entre les matériaux naturels et artificiels; (b) développement d'une pompe sanguine et étude de l'usure in vitro; (c) éléments conducteurs et transmission énergétique; (d) mesure des équipements que nécessitent la surveillance et le contrôle automatique du coeur artificiel; (e) études in vivo de la réaction du système circulatoire des organes; (f) entraînement de l'équipe pour l'application clinique du coeur artificiel. Les efforts conjoints des ingénieurs de différentes disciplines et des médecins travaillant ensemble dans le département de chirurgie expérimentale, supportés dans le passé par les partenaires industriels, ont résulté après des études étendues in vitro et in vivo dans l'application clinique d'appareils d'assistance temporaire et dans la réalisation d'un coeur artificiel électro-pneumatique transportable.
    Abstract: Resumen El programa de órganos artificiales se inició en Berlín hace más de 20 años. El mayor énfasis, dentro del programa de asistencia circulatoria y reemplazos mecánicos, ha sido realizado y continúa siéndolo en el desarrollo de un sistema electroneumático de corazón artificial total. Además, se han incluído en el programa de investigación general el desarrollo de un sistema de asistencia temporal junto con estudios en el campo de los biomateriales. Los principales tópicos del programa son: las interacciones entre materiales naturales y artificiales, el desarrollo de bombeo sanguíneo y las pruebas de fatiga in vitro, unidades de propulsión y transmisión energética, equipos de medición necesarios para la vigilancia y control automático del sistema de corazón artificial total, estudios in vivo de la respuesta del sistema circulatorio y de los órganos, el adiestramiento in vivo del personal técnico en cuanto a aptitud y confiabilidad. El esfuerzo coordinado de ingenieras de diferentes disciplinas y de médicos, trabajando continuamente en el departamento de cirugía experimental, apoyado en el pasado por socios industriales, ha resultado, después de extensas investigaciones in vitro e in vivo, en la aplicación clínica de sistemas de asistencia circulatoria temporal y en la realización de un sistema de corazón artificial electro-neumático percutáneo y portátil.
    Notes: Abstract The artificial organs program in Berlin started more than 20 years ago. The main emphasis in the circulatory assist and replacement devices program was and still is on the development of an electro-pneumatic total artificial heart (TAH) system. Additionally, a temporary assist system and investigations in the field of biomaterials are included in the research activities. Topics of the program are: interactions between natural and artificial materials, blood pump development and in vitro fatigue testing, driving units and energy transmission, measurement equipment needed for the surveillance and automatic control of the TAH system, in vivo studies of the response of the circulatory system and the organs, in vivo reliability, and training of the staff for clinical readiness. The joint efforts of engineers of different disciplines and medical doctors, working together in the department of experimental surgery, supported in the past by industrial partners, resulted after extensive in vitro and in vivo investigations in the clinical application of temporary assist devices and the realization of a percutaneous portable, electro-pneumatic total artificial heart system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: optic neuropathies ; papillomacular bundle ; retinal nerve fiber layer photography ; visual evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The degree of retinal nerve fiber loss within the papillomacular bundle in optic-neuropathies was evaluated from red-free fundus photographs. Visual evoked potentials were obtained from pattern reversal with variable check sizes. A semiquantitative scale was used for the estimation of nerve fiber loss and amplitude reduction of the visual evoked potentials. A significant correlation was found between both. However, a few patients showed rather well-preserved visual evoked potentials with an atrophic nerve fiber layer. Possibly a small number of invisible remaining fibers are able to sustain nearly normal visual evoked potentials. On the other hand, some patients had abnormal visual evoked potentials in the presence of a normal nerve fiber layer. We conclude that evaluation of the nerve fiber layer of the papillomacular bundle without functional testing of the optic nerve is not sufficient to predict degree of foveal integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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