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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    M1 Character of unresolved continuum transitions from X-ray multiplicity measurements (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 321 (1985), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the X-ray multiplicities of the transitions deexciting the quasi-continuum region as a function of the input spin for deformed and transitional erbium isotopes obtained in (40Ar,xn) reactions. Combined withγ-ray angular distribution studies, these measurements clearly show the occurrence of a magnetic dipole component in the energy region 300–800keV. The spin dependence of this “bump” is quite different in deformed and transitional nuclei. In the latter case, a sudden increase in the quasi-continuumK electron multiplicity arises for spins higher than 35ħ and is strongly correlated to the occurrence of collective modes in these nuclei at the same spins. It is suggested to correspond to collective behavior of bands built on yrast states of single particle nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01493449
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay properties of very-high-spin states in transitional Er nuclei aroundA=154 (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 324 (1986), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70 ; 21.10M ; 23.20C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theγ ray continuum structures of the transitional Er isotopes withA∼154 are studied using the reaction74Ge(84Kr,xn)158−xEr atE lab=340 MeV. The measurements include energy spectra, total energies, multiplicities, angular distributions and lifetimes using the DSAM method. The analysis of data confirms the previously observed two-bump structure of the continuum radiation. A meticulous subtraction of discrete contributions proves the persistence of the low-energy bump even at high spins, i.e.I〉40ħ. The angular-distribution measurements assign predominant dipole structure to the bump atE γ=0.65 MeV, whereas the bump atE γ=1.3 MeV is of almost pure quadrupole character at high spins. The lifetime measurements give evidence for a strong enhancement of theB(E2) values of the upper bump,B(E2)/B sp〉130. Spin-selection studies reveal, in the spin rangeI=30−50ħ an almost constant energy for the 1.3 MeV bump,ΔE〈60 keV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290761
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape coexistence at high spin in187Au (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 333 (1989), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-spin states in187Au have been populated in the172Yb(19F, 4n) reaction and studied with in-beam spectroscopic techniques using the “Château de Cristal” 4π-multidetector array. A comprehensive level scheme of187Au has been established. Experimental band crossing frequencies and gains in alignment were deduced. Shape coexistence in187Au, well established at low spin, is found to survive up to spin 57/2, and manifests itself through well separated oblate and prolate structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape coexistence in187Hg (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 325 (1986), S. 371-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excited states of187Hg have been investigated via the164Dy (28Si,5n) reaction by means of in- beam gamma-ray spectroscopy using the multidetector 4π away “Ckāteau de. Cristal”. Different bands were populated up to spin I- 45/2. Coexistence of both prolate and oblate structures is observed for the first time in an odd- A Hg isotope. The crossing of aligned and strongly coupled sequences of levels built on the vi13/2 orbital infers the near degeneracy of oblate and prolate structures in187Hg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294622
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collective structures in185Hg (1988)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 330 (1988), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20. Lv ; 27.70. +q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excited states of185Hg have been investigated via the161Dy(28Si, 4n) reaction at 145 MeV. In-beamγ-ray spectroscopic studies have been performed with the “Château de Cristal” 4π-multidetector array. A level scheme of185Hg has been established. Shape coexistence, still present in185Hg like in the neighbouring Hg isotopes, manifests itself through a weakly populated decoupled band built on the 13/2+ isomer and three strongly-coupled bands built on the prolate 1/2− [521], 7/2− [514], and 9/2+ [624] Nilsson states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287258
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of secondary radioactive beams from 44 MeV/u Ar projectiles (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 322 (1985), S. 443-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.−Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Secondary beams have been produced through interaction of a 1760 MeV Ar beam with a 99 mg/cm2 Be target. An achromatic spectrometer is used to select the magnetic rigidity corresponding to a given beam, and to transport this beam over a distance of about 18m. The beam purity is studied using a solid state ΔE-E telescope. Beams of38S and39Cl are produced with a purity of about 80%, and production rates of 1.5·10−6 I0 and 5·10−5 Io respectively. Here I0 denotes the primary beam intensity. Beams of38Ar,39Ar and41K are produced with about the same abundances as39Cl but with lower purities. It is shown that, by setting properly the experimental parameters, the beam production can be improved by a factor 2 to 5. This could lead to intensities of about 2·106 pps for38S, and of 107 to 108 pps for the four other beams. The possibility of purifying these beams by placing a degrader between the two dipoles of the spectrometer is shown experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412079
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between few nucleon emission andγ-ray deexcitation for the reaction systems65Cu+87Rb and40Ar+110Pd (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 322 (1985), S. 393-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 24.60. Dr ; 25.70. Gh ; 25.70. Jj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bothγ-ray and neutron emission have been studied for the reaction systems65Cu(237MeV) +87Rb→152Dy* and40Ar(158MeV)+110Pd→150Gd*. By using a sum spectrometer in coincidence with neutron counters, Ge(Li) or Nal detectors, we have measured the totalγ-ray energy and the average totalγ-multiplicity distributions as well as the neutron spectra for various exit channels. These measurements provide strong evidence for thermal equilibrium in reactions involving a small number of emitted neutrons (i.e.87Rb(65Cu,n or 2n)) at rather high excitation energy (∼54MeV). This statistical emission of only a few neutrons is controlled by very strong y-ray competition: theγ-entry line is found not to be parallel to the yrast line. Instead the energy gap is about 8MeV for J∼27ħ and rises to at least 13MeV for J∼36ħ. There are some indications that the main part of the energy from this gap is removed by statisticalγ-ray cascades. The main features of the experimental data for both entrance channels are well reproduced by statistical model calculations with proper attention to the yrast line position and an adjustement of the dipoleγ-ray normalization coefficient. It is conceivable that the y-ray enhancement that we introduce may be related to a lack of knowledge of the absolute level densities at high energy and spin, or possibly to the presence of new or additional degrees of freedom that may enter into the competition between neutron andγ-ray emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412074
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical constitution and microstructure of TiC x coatings chemically vapour deposited on Fe-C substrates; effects of iron and chromium (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 1660-1672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract TiC x coatings were chemically vapour deposited in an industrial reactor on Fe-C substrates with carbon contents between 0.06 and 1.20 wt % C. Electron probe microanalyses showed that significant amounts of chromium and iron were present in the coatings and that chromium was also present in the substrate region adjacent to the coatings. By comparing calculated and measured lattice parameters (corrected for the internal stresses present) it became evident that the chromium was in solid solution in TiC x , whereas the iron was not. This was confirmed by micro Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction phase analyses. The carbon to metal ratio,x, of the TiC x coatings decreased with increasing distance to the coating/substrate interface. The effect of iron on the X-ray diffraction line broadening and hardness of the coatings was large (in contrast with the effect of chromium) and increased with increasing distance to the coating/substrate interface because of a decreasing iron particle size. The TiC x crystallite size was small and constant throughout the thickness of the coatings. The chromium present in the substrate region adjacent to the TiC x coatings influenced the microstructure of the substrate by formation of iron, chromium-carbides and reduced the growth rate of the coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115705
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive control of anaerobic digestion processes - a pilot-scale application (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple adaptive control algorithm, for which theoretical stability and convergence properties had been previously demonstrated, has been successfully implemented on a biomethanation pilot reactor. The methane digester, operated in the CSTR mode was submitted to a shock load, and successfully computer controlled during the subsequent transitory state.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of carbon in binary carbides. I - principles and procedures (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 15 (1986), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Introductory investigations performed in order to make quantitative electron-probe microanalysis of very light elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen or oxygen possible are described. The practical problems encountered in this kind of work are discussed in detail and, where possible, solutions are proposed. It is shown that with very light elements such as carbon it is no longer permitted to measure x-ray intensities at the position of the maximum of the emission peak as the shape of the carbon Kα peak is subject to strong alterations, depending on the type of chemical bond involved. As a consequence, integral measurements have to be performed and it is shown that errors of 30-50% can easily be made if this is neglected. The lengthy procedures, connected with integral intensity measurements, can be shortened considerably by the introduction of area/peak factors, which, by definition, represent the ratio between the correct area (integral) and the peak intensity ratio. The accurate determination of such factors for 13 binary carbides is described. This set of factors will permit future measurements simply on the peak; multiplication of the peak intensity ratio by the appropriate area/peak factors will then yield the correct integral intensity ratios.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300150212
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