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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgen-Regulated Gene Expression (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 51 (1989), S. 51-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.51.030189.000411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of (+)- and (±)-sotalol on repolarizing outward currents and pacemaker current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 340 (1989), S. 696-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Sheep Purkinje fibre ; Outward currents ; Pacemaker current ; (+)-Sotalol ; (±)-Sotalol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was aimed to differentiate the action of (+)- and (±)-sotalol (10–1000 μmol/l) on membrane currents which are active during the repolarization of cardiac action potentials Effects where studied in shortened sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique Action potentials were activated at a frequency of 0.25 Hz and membrane currents at 0.03 Hz or 0.05 Hz in most experiments. Out of the currents investigated the transient outward current (ito) reacted most sensitively to (+)- and (±)-sotalol. Ito-amplitude was decreased on the average to 77% of reference at 10 μmol/l and to 53% at 1000 μmol/l (+)- or (±)-sotalol. The maximally available ito-current was decreased but the voltage-dependent control of inactivation was left nearly unchanged. The initial inwardly rectifying current (iKi), which propels the last repolarization phase of the action potential and controls resting potential to a large extent was reduced on the average to 93% of reference at 10 μmol/l and to 62% at 1000 μmol/l (+)- or (±)-sotalol. Time-dependent (delayed) outward current (iK) was on the average not affected by (+)- or (±)-sotalol up to 100 μmol/l and was decreased to 84% of reference current under the influence of 1000 μmol/l. An initial outward current, which is activated at positive membrane potentials (iinst) was not clearly affected by (+)- or (±)-sotalol at concentrations up to 1000 μmol/l Pacemaker current (if) was not influenced by the drugs up to 100 μmol/l. Only at 1000 μmol/l was the amount of available if-current decreased to 79% of reference. (The potential-dependent control of activation was not affected) Time constants of time-dependent currents ito, iK and if did not change in concentrations up to 1000 μmol/l of the drug. Action potential duration increased at (+)- or (±)-sotalol concentrations ≥ 10 μmol/l and maximal prolongation was achieved at concentrations of 100–300 μmol/l Resting potential remained nearly unchanged at these concentrations, but the membranes depolarized at 1000 μmol/l. According to our data action potential prolongation in sheep Purkinje fibres under the influence of (+)- and (±)-sotalol correlates to the drug-induced block to ito-current and inwardly rectifying iK1-current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717747
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the calcium entry blocker bepridil on repolarizing and pacemaker currents in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 339 (1989), S. 638-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Sheep Purkinje fibre ; Voltage clamp ; Ionic outward currents ; Calcium entry blocker ; Bepridil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) Effects of bepridil (0.3–100 μmol/l) on transmembrane currents which are active during the repolarization of the cardiac action potential were studied in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. Transmembrane currents were activated at a frequency of 0.03 Hz. (2) The initial inwardly rectifying current (i K1) was reduced by 1.8 μmol/l bepridil to 70% of the reference i K1-current in the absence of the drug. (3) An initial outward current, which is activated at positive membrane potentials (i inst) was depressed to 70% of reference by 14 μmol/l bepridil. (4) The time-dependent outward current (i K) was decreased by 1.8 μmol/l bepridil to 70% of its amplitude in the absence of bepridil. The biexponential time course of i K-current activation changed to be monoexponential with 100 μmol/l bepridil. The effect of bepridil on i K-current resulted in a shift of the activation curve of i K-current to more positive membrane potentials (10 μmol/l bepridil) and an additional decrease of driving force and/or conductance of the i K-channels with higher bepridil concentrations (100 μmol/l). (5) The transient outward current (i to) was completely blocked by 30 μmol/l bepridil. Inhibition to 70% of reference occurred with 1 μmol/l bepridil. The voltage-dependent inactivation of i to-current was affected by bepridil: the amplitude of the steady-state inactivation curve was reduced and i to-current was inactivated faster after application of bepridil. Bepridil caused no pronounced shift of the steady-state inactivation curve along the voltage axis. (6) The pacemaker current (i f) was slightly increased under the influence of low bepridil concentrations (0.3, 1 μmol/l) while it was reduced to 70% of reference by 100 μmol/l bepridil. (7) The blocking action of bepridil on outward currents in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres will explain the action potential prolongation, which is observed in different mammalian cardiac tissues under the influence of bepridil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168656
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charged particle spectra in16O induced nuclear collisions at the CERN SPS (1988)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (1988), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Charged particle multiplicity distributions and pseudo-rapidity density distributions from16O induced nuclear collisions at 200 and 60A GeV are presented. The data were taken, using a minimumbias trigger, with the WA80 set-up at the CERN SPS. In this presentation we focus on how the yield of charged particles depends on the projectile energy, the mass number of the target nucleus and the energy measured in a uranium-plastic sampling calorimeter covering angles close to zero degrees. The data are compared to simulations from the event generator FRITIOF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574514
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target fragmentation in proton-nucleus and16O-nucleus reactions at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon (1988)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (1988), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Target remnants withZ〈3 from proton-nucleus and16O-nucleus reactions at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon were measured in the angular range from 30° to 160° (−1.7〈η〈1.3) employing the Plastic Ball detector. The excitation energy of the target spectator matter in central oxygen-induced collisions is found to be high enough to allow for complete disintegration of the target nucleus into fragments withZ〈3. The average longitudinal momentum transfer per proton to the target in central collisions is considerably higher in the case of16O-induced reactions (≈300 MeV/c) than in proton-induced reactions (≈130 MeV/c). The baryon rapidity distributions are roughly in agreement with one-fluid hydrodynamical calculations at 60 GeV/nucleon16O+Au but are in disagreement at 200 GeV/nucleon, indicating the higher degree of transparency at the higher bombarding energy. Both, the transverse momenta of target spectators and the entropy produced in the target fragmentation region are compared to those attained in head-on collisions of two heavy nuclei at Bevalac energies. They are found to be comparable or do even exceed the values for the participant matter at beam energies of about 1–2 GeV/nucleon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H1-receptor reserves in guinea-pig left atria, trachea and pig coronary artery as identified by phenoxybenzamine (1989)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 28 (1989), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract H1-receptor reserves in guinea-pig left atria, trachea and pig coronary arteries were calculated by the use of phenoxybenzamine (Pba), a β-haloalkylamine that irreversibly blocks the H1-receptor response to histamine or 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine (PEA). Equieffective concentrations of the H1-agonist in the absence (A) and presence (A′) of Pba were evaluated from concentration-response curves. By plotting the reciprocal values 1/A versus 1/A′ the amount of H1-receptors not occupied by the agonist was calculated. The size of the H1-receptor reserve could be estimated by comparison of the receptor occupation with the corresponding effect. Furthermore, the dissociation constants for histamine, PEA, Pba and the pD′2-values for Pba were determined for the different tissues. 5% and 6% H1-receptor occupation is necessary to achieve a half maximal contraction of the trachea with the agonists histamine and PEA, respectively. Only 0.5% H1-receptor occupation is needed for the half maximal positiv inotropic effect of histamine in left atria, while 5.5% of the H1-receptors have to be accupied using PEA as an agonist in this tissue. In the coronary artery of the pig 50% of the maximal contraction can be achieved by stimulation of 15.1% of the H1-receptors with histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01967405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral transverse momentum spectra in 60 and 200A·GeV16O+nucleus and proton+nucleus reactions (1988)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (1988), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transverse momentum (p T) distributions fo inclusive photons and neutral pions at midrapidity are measured with a lead glass calorimeter in 60 and are measured with a lead glass calorimeter in 60 and 200A·Gev16O+nucleus and and proton+nucleus reactions. Inclusive photon distributions are compared for central and peripheral reactions. The degree of centrality is determined either from the charged particle multiplicity or from the remaining projectile energy in the forward direction. Deviations from a nucleus+nucleus interaction model based upon linear extrapolation from p+p reactions are observed in central16O+Au data. The variation of theaverage transverse momentum is investigated as function of centrality. The target-mass and energy dependence of π0 p T distributions are presented. For16O+Au a change of slope in these distributions is observed atp t ≈0.8 GeV/c compatible with hydrodynamic expansion models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574521
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-induced reactions at 60A GeV and 200A GeV studied by calorimetry (1988)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (1988), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results based on calorimetric measurements are presented from reactions of 60A GeV and 200A GeV16O projectiles with C, Cu, Ag, and Au nuclei. Minimum-bias cross sections are discussed. Energy spectra measured at zero degrees and transverse-energy distributions for the pseudorapidity range 2.4≦η≤5.5 are shown. An analysis of the average transverse energy in terms of the number of participating nucleons and the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions is presented. Estimates of nuclear stopping and of attained energy densities are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574509
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for264108, the heaviest known even-even isotope (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 324 (1986), S. 489-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conclusion We have observed the decay of one atom of the doubly even isotope 108. We observed α-decay with a halflife, of (76 −36 +364 ) Μs. The full α-decay energy could not be measured, as the α escaped the detector. With the knowledge of the halflife, an estimate on the α-decay energy can be made. From the formula of Rasmussen9 and a reduced α-width of 1, a value which has been measured for260106 and also for the doubly even isotones of N=156, we obtain Q=(11.0 −0.3 +0.1 MeV. This value is higher than given by Moeller10 (10.35 MeV), and agrees with that of Uran and Zeldes11 (10.9 MeV). A hindrance factor wα of 0.5 increases the Qα-value by 0.14 MeV. The mass excess of264108 follows as (120.0±0.3) MeV. The groundstate shell effect amounts to (−5.0±0.3) MeV using the macroscopic mass values of Ref. 10. The formation cross section of (3.2 −2.6 +6.1 ) pb overlaps with the value of ∼ 5 pb from Dubna for the 6 ms sf-activity mentioned initially but is considerably lower than an extrapolation from the reaction58Fe (208Pb,n)265108 which gave 10 pb with the lower limit of 4 pb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290935
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