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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ideal technique and sites for intramuscular injection in infants and children (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 4 (1989), S. 140-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Intramuscular injection ; Infants and children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Complications following intramuscular (IM) injections in infants and children are quite frequent. Various studies have revealed that in most of the cases drugs were either injected into the subcutaneous tissue plane or into the muscle, where a disparity between the volume of injected material and the volume of muscle mass where it was injected was obvious. The consequences were either fat-necrotic abscess or muscle fibrosis leading to deformity of the nearby joint. On the basis of our studies and other observations, the ideal technique of IM injection and the best sites for injection in infants and children are suggested in order to prevent complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181856
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The status of trace and minor elements in some Bangladeshi foodstuffs (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 134 (1989), S. 367-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An investigation is conducted on the status of trace and minor elements in some foodstuffs (cereals, vegetables, milk, egg and fish), commonly consumed in Bangladesh, using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and radioisotope-induced X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. In PIXE measurements, the samples were irradiated in air with 2.0 MeV (energy on the target) protons having the beam intensity of 30 nA for characteristic X-ray excitation, while in XRF analysis, the samples were excited for 5000 seconds with a 10 mCi Cd-109 annular X-ray source. The elemental concentration of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, and Pb were determined in the samples by comparison with X-ray yield curves constructed from IAEA and NBS standard reference materials. The validity of the analytical procedures (PIXE and XRF) followed in this study has been confirmed by comparative measurements of Cu, Zn and Mn in some varieties of rice with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicate that none of the food regimes investigated here is burdened with heavy metals beyond permissible limits except five species of vegetables with chromium having the range of 0.99–3.59 mg/kg compared to the literature value of 0.0–0.36 mg/kg (dry weight basis). An average value of 0.2 mg/kg of arsenic was observed both in IRRI (n=16) and local Aman (n=12) varieties of rice and only one hen egg contained 1.7 mg/kg of lead in yolk. The zinc content in some marine fish from Bay of Bengal was reported to be 5.4–19.5 mg/kg, whereas in the present study of sweet-water fish, the level is found to be 15.2–62.1 mg/kg (fresh weight basis) for five species. In human milk, both Cu (0.12–0.25 mg/l, n=8) and Zn (0.28–1.80 mg/l, n=8) levels appear to be almost half the literature values (n=25). On the other hand formula milk has higher values of Cu (0.32–1.63 mg/kg, n=16) and Zn (5.16–19.8 mg/kg, n=16).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278274
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of a class of hybrid systems arising in flexible spacecraft (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 50 (1986), S. 83-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Flexible spacecraft ; dynamic modelling ; coupled systems of ordinary and partial differential equations ; system stabilization ; Lyapunov's functionals ; feedback control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of rigorous modelling of flexible spacecraft and their stabilization. It is shown that the dynamics of the flexible spacecraft can be described by a coupled system of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations (hybrid system). Lyapunov's approach is used to prove the stabilizability of the system. Simple feedback controls are suggested for stabilization of flexible spacecraft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00938479
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes to near-surface region of PTFE during dry sliding against steel (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 1877-1885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract PTFE specimens were slid against an EN24 disc. The unworn and worn surfaces as well as the wear debris were examined by X-ray diffraction. Sliding was found to introduce (i) shrinkage of the unit cell, (ii) enlargement of crystallites and (iii) residual stresses in the slid PTFE surface. No conformational changes in the 157 helix could be observed due to sliding. The wear debris was found to be 1 μm thick warped laminates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115734
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and structural properties of amorphous and heat treated In0.4Se0.6 film of different thicknesses (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 4470-4476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The optical gap (E g opt ) of as-deposited In0.4Se0.6 film is found to increase with the thickness of the film. The optical gap attains a steady value after several heat treatments of the films at elevated temperatures. The values of optical gaps of In0.4Se0.6 films are found to depend on the temperature of the heat treatment. The effect of thickness and temperature of heat treatment on the optical gap of the film is interpreted in terms of creation or elimination of defects in the amorphous structure of In0.4Se0.6 film. X-ray diffraction spectra are taken for both as deposited and heat treated In0.4Se0.6 films. From the results related to the radial distribution functions of the specimens it is noted that in the case of In0.4Se0.6 a transition from amorphous to crystalline states takes place at 523 K and above. The results also show that both the optical gap and the coordination number decrease with increasing temperature of heat treatment. Therefore it is evident that the heat treatment improves the long range order of In0.4Se0.6 but reduces the coordination in the short range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551946
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The status of trace and minor elements in pulses: A PIXE measurement (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 97 (1986), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The proton particle induced X-ray emission (proton PIXE) technique has been employed to study the heavy element status (essential and toxic) in five different varieties of pulses commonly cultivated and consumed in Bangladesh. In this analysis, the samples were irradiated in air with 2 MeV protons having 30 nA beam intensity for characteristic X-ray excitation. For 40 μC irradiations, the concentration of ten elements (K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb) was determined by comparison with a calibration obtained from the NBS orchard leaf standard, SRM 1571. In a comparative study with atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) measurements of some elements in lathyrus sativus, the data were found to be in good agreement. The results obtained from the present study are discussed and compared with available data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060417
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multielement analysis of water residue: A PIXE measurement (1985)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 322 (1985), S. 755-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A multielement PIXE method has been developed to analyse water residue obtained by evaporation technique. In this analysis, 250 ml of water sample mixed with 200 mg of cellulose powder is evaporated on steam bath in a platinum dish. From the residue thus obtained standard pellets are made for proton irradiation to excite characteristic X-rays. Proton irradiations were performed with 2.5 MeV beams with 20 nA intensity and the characteristic X-rays were detected with a high resolution Si(Li) detector and processed by standard electronics. A synthetic standard of cellulose matrix for concentration calibration was prepared by adding different elements from atomic absorption standards and homogeneously mixing them with the matrix with methanol. Using the present methodology, for a 20 μC irradiation, it is possible to analyse quantitatively 10–15 different elements (K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Pb, etc.) in water samples. The procedure thus developed has been applied to study the concentration profiles of heavy elements in the municipal water supplies in the city of Dhaka and the results are compared with recommended levels of heavy elements in drinking water. Various aspects of the method and the implications of the data reported here have been discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 250 ml des Wassers wurden mit 200 mg Cellulosepulver gemischt und eingedampft. Aus dem Rückstand wurden Tabletten für die Protonenbestrahlung gepreßt. Die Bestrahlung wurde mit 2,5 MeV und 20 nA durchgeführt; die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen wurden mit Hilfe eines hochauflösenden Si(Li)-Detektors gemessen und elektronisch aufgearbeitet. Synthetische Standards für die Cellulosematrix wurden aus AAS-Standards hergestellt (Mischung mit Methanol). Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren konnten bei 20-μC-Bestrahlung 10–15 verschiedene Elemente (K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Pb, u.a.) in Wasserproben bestimmt werden. Die Methode wurde zur Untersuchung der Konzentrationsprofile von Schwermetallen im Leitungswasser der Stadt Dhaka eingesetzt, die mit den für Trinkwasser empfohlenen Konzentrationen verglichen wurden. Verschiedene Gesichtspunkte des Verfahrens und der erhaltenen Resultate werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489394
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