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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 16 (1987), S. 613-626 
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic input to crayfish (Orconectes limosus) stretch receptor neurons, and the synaptic interactions between the inhibitory and excitatory efferents were analysed by electron microscopy of serial sections. Several novel types of synaptic connections have been observed: (i) inhibitory synaptic input on the axon hillock and initial axon segment; (ii) serial synaptic terminals on the sensory cell body; (iii) simultaneous synaptic contacts of the same inhibitory terminal with sensory dendrites and muscle fibres; (iv) reciprocal synapses between the two types of inhibitory efferents; and (v) inhibitory synapses on the primary inhibitory axon. The possible functional significance of these synapses is discussed in the light of earlier electrophysiological and pharmacological findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5HT) ; Immunocytochemistry ; 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine ; Central nervous system ; Helix pomatia (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin (5HT)-containing neurons in the central nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia has been determined in whole-mount preparations by use of immunocytochemical and in vivo 5,6-dihydroxy-tryptamine labelling. 5HT-immunoreactive neuronal somata occur in all but the buccal and pleural ganglia. Immunoreactive fibres are present throughout the central nervous system. The 5HT-immunoreactive neuronal somata characteristically appear in groups, located mainly in the cerebral, pedal, visceral and right parietal ganglia. The majority of 5HT-immunoreactive neurons is located in the pedal ganglia. Additionally a dense network of 5HT-immunoreactive varicose fibres is found in the neural sheath of the central nervous system including all the nerves and ganglia. The number and distribution of 5HT-immunoreactive neurons correlates with that demonstrated by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine labelling method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Dopamin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Terminal ganglion ; Acheta domestica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and ultrastructure of serotonin- and dopamine-immunoreactive (5-HTi and DAi) neurones have been investigated in the terminal ganglion of the cricket, Acheta domestica, using a pre-embedding chopper technique. Special attention has been paid to the immunoreactive structures in the neuropil. 5-HTi structures are extensively distributed and densely packed throughout the 5 neuromeres of the terminal ganglion and originate from several interneurones and efferent neurones. In contrast, DAi fibres are distributed sparsely although they extend to all neuromeres of the ganglion and originate from 6 interneurons only. For both 5-HTi and DAi neurones characteristic axonal projections and branching patterns can be distinguished. The 5-HTi axons exhibit rich varicose arborizations, whereas DAi neurones possess fewer varicosities in the neuropil. Electron microscopy shows that 5-HTi varicosities contain small (∼ 60 nm) and large (∼ 100 nm) agranular vesicles, and large (∼ 100 nm) granular vesicles, whereas in DAi varicosities small (∼ 60 nm) agranular and large (∼ 100 nm) granular vesicles are seen. Both 5-HTi and DAi varicosities form synaptic contacts. We conclude that both serotonin and dopamine may be used as neurotransmitters in the terminal ganglion of the cricket.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-HT) ; Genital chamber ; Immuno-cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Cricket, Acheta domestica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serotonergic innervation of the genital chamber of the female cricket, Acheta domestica, has been investigated applying anti-serotonin (5-HT) immunocyto-chemistry at both light- and electron-microscopic levels as well as using conventional electron microscopy. Whole mount and pre-embedding chopper techniques of immuno-cytochemistry reveal a dense 5-HT-immunoreactive network of varicose fibers in the musculature of the genital chamber. All of these immunoreactive fibers originate from the efferent serotonergic neuron projecting through the nerve 8v to the genital chamber (Hustert and Topel 1986; Elekes et al. 1987). At the electron-microscopic level, 5-HT-immunoreactive nerve terminals, which contain small (50–60 nm) and large (∼ 100 nm) agranular vesicles as well as granular vesicles (∼100nm), contact the muscle fibers or the sarcoplasmic processes without establishing specialized neuromuscular connections. In addition to the 5-HT-immunoreactive axons, two types of immunonegative axons can also be found in the musculature. By use of conventional electron microscopy, three ultrastructurally distinct types of axon processes can be observed, one of which resembles 5-HT-immunoreactive axons. While the majority of the varicosities do not synapse on the muscle fibers, terminals containing small (50–60 nm) agranular vesicles occasionally form specialized neuromuscular contacts. It is suggested that the 5-HTergic innervation plays a non-synaptic modulatory role in the regulation circular musculature in the genital chamber of the cricket, while the musculature as a whole may be influenced by both synaptic and modulatory mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 369-379 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hindgut efferents ; Synapses ; HRP labeling ; Orconectes limosus (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution, morphology and synaptic connections of the hindgut efferent neurons in the last (sixth) abdominal ganglion of the crayfish, Orconectes limosus, have been investigated using light and electron microscopy in conjunction with retrograde cobalt/nickel and HRP labeling through the intestinal nerve. The hindgut efferent neurons occur singly and in clusters, and are unipolar. Their axonal projections are uniform and consist of a thick primary neurite with typical lateral projections and limited arborization of varicose fibers in the ganglionic neuropil. They also send lower order axon processes to the ganglionic neural sheath, where they arborize profusely, forming a network of varicose fibers. The majority of the efferent neurons project to the anterior part of the hindgut. HRP-labeled axon profiles are found in both pre- and postsynaptic position in the neuropil of the ganglion. HRP-labeled axon profiles also establish pre- and postsynaptic contacts in the intestinal nerve root. All hindgut efferent terminals contain similar synaptic vesicle populations: ovoid agranular vesicles (50–60 nm) and a few large granular vesicles (100–200 nm). It is suggested that the hindgut efferent neurons in the last abdominal ganglion are involved in: (1) innervation of the hindgut; (2) central integrative processes; (3) “en route” synaptic modification of efferent and afferent signals in the intestinal nerve; (4) neurohumoral modulation of peripheral physiological processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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