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  • 1985-1989  (3)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The femoral bone from the 18-day pregnancy embryo and an rib cartilage of mature mice have been investigated using PIXE (proton induced X-ray emission) in combination with a proton microprobe on snap frozen cryosectioned material. The localization and the results of quantitative measurement of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Zn have been correlated with the histochemical localization of inorganic deposits. It has been found that in calcifying and degenerating cartilage of the growth plate there is substantial loss of S; this element being indicative for sulphate groups of glycosaminoglycans. This change seems to be an important factor conditioning the process of mineralization. Zn is found in higher concentration in mineralized tissues, both in embryonal and mature cartilage as well as in the bone, and this suggests that Zn is also involved in the mineralization process. The mineralization of rib cartilage exceeds that of embryonal bone, and the Ca/P ratio is higher in the former than in the hydroxyapatite of the latter. The method described is a useful analytical tool especially for such types of studies in which elements are not easily redistributed by freezing, cutting and drying; e.g. in investigations of mineral deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 326 (1987), S. 105-117 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The different excitation methods of X-ray spectral analysis with protons, photons and electrons (PIXE, XRFA and EPMA, respectively) are compared with regard to detection power, precision and accuracy. The evaluation of the independently optimized excitation methods is based on practical problems of trace-analysis: on the analysis of aluminium, lead and trace-concentrate targets of water and glass. For thick homogeneous samples XRFA turned out to be the best method, because of the very high stability of modern instruments. PIXE is advantageous for thin samples and if some kind of sample preparation like chemical preconcentration is necessary which introduces an additional scatter of ⩾ 1%, so that the high stability of XRFA instruments is no longer effective. EPMA is inferior to both, PIXE and XRFA, in all cases, where information on the lateral distribution of the elements is of no interest.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die verschiedenen Anregungsmethoden der Röntgenspektralanalyse mit Protonen, Photonen und Elektronen (PIXE, XRFA bzw. EPMA) werden hinsichtlich ihres Nachweisvermögens, ihrer Präzision und Genauigkeit verglichen. Die Beurteilung der jeweils optimierten Anregungsmethoden basiert auf praktischen Problemen der Spurenanalyse: auf der Analyse von Aluminium, von Blei und von Spurenkonzentraten aus Wasser und Glas. Für dicke homogene Proben erwies sich die XRFA wegen der sehr guten Stabilität der heutigen Geräte als überlegen. PIXE ist vorteilhaft anzuwenden, wenn dünne Proben vorliegen oder wenn eine Probenvorbereitung, wie z.B. eine chemische Voranreicherung, erforderlich ist, die zu einer zusätzlichen Streuung von ⩾ 1% führt, so daβ die hohe Stabilität der XRFA-Geräte nicht mehr zum Tragen kommt. EPMA ist sowohl PIXE als auch XRFA unterlegen, solange nicht die lokale Verteilung von Elementen zu ermitteln ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative micro-PIXE analysis was performed on mouse embryo epiphyseal cartilage and on the rib cartilage of mature animals after incubation of sections with colloidal iron at pH 1.8. The iron content as well as that of sulphur and phosphorus and Fe/S, Fe/P ratios were determined. It was found that colloidal iron content was higher in the cartilage than in other tissues. The cartilage also displayed the highest content of sulphur. The Fe/S ratio was however not constant, being highest in the degeneration zone close to the mineralization front, where the binding of iron was strongest while the amount of sulphur decreased. This indicates that factors other than number of sulphate groups influence the binding of positively charged molecules to glycosaminoglycans. This is confirmed by differences in the results obtained for embryonic and mature rib cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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