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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High time resolution monitoring of tropospheric temperature with a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) (1989)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 130 (1989), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: RASS ; troposphere ; temperature profile ; MU radar ; acoustic transmitter ; radiosonde ; remote sensing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have observed the time-height variation of the temperature field in the upper troposphere using a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) which consists of the MU radar and a high-power acoustic transmitter. The fast beam steerability of the MU radar has made it possible to measure temperature profiles in a fairly wide height range in the upper troposphere (5–11 km), even under intense wind conditions. Observations were continued for about 32 hr on 24–26 December, 1986 with a time-height resolution of 30 min and 150 m. During the observation period, the tropospheric jet was so intense that the acoustic wavefronts were severely distorted. Using wind velocity profiles observed by the MU radar we have numerically estimated the propagation of acoustic wavefronts, and further determined favorable pointing directions for the MU radar to receive significant backscattering from refractive index fluctuations produced by the acoustic waves. Conventional radiosonde soundings were carried out every 6 hr, which showed a temperature decrease of 4 K/day in the upper troposphere during the observation period. Temperature profiles taken by RASS agree well with the radiosonde results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874471
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reappraisal of neurofibrillary tangles (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 258-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer's disease ; Pick bodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the immunohistochemical reactivity and ultrastructure of both neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) occurring with severe neurofibrillary diseases, and Pick bodies (PBs) associated with Pick's disease. The NFTs and PBs did not react immunohistochemically with the anti-nonphosphorylated neurofilament monoclonal antibody irrespective of whether they were pretreated with alkaline phosphatase. In granular neurons of the dentate fascia of Ammon's horn in cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), NFTs either resembled PB-like inclusion bodies (Horoupian's inclusion bodies) in form, or had a perinuclear structure. Immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, the NFTs in the dentate fascia in cases of DAT, including Horoupian's inclusion bodies, were similar to the NFTs in the pyramidal neurons of Ammon's horn, which are found most frequently in association with severe neurofibrillary diseases. Under a light microscope, Horoupian's inclusion bodies and PBs could not be differentiated and appeared to be argyrophilic round cytoplasmic inclusions in granular neurons of the dentate fascia. There were, however, ultrastructural differences. Horoupian's inclusion bodies consisted of bundles made up of straight tubules (STs), each about 15 nm in diameter. These bundles were intermixed with a few paired helical filaments which occurred at intervals of about 80 nm. On the other hand, PBs were composed of randomly distributed 15-nm-wide STs, intermixed with a very few fibrillary structures. These fibrils had a periodicity of about 160 nm, and ranged in width from about 15 nm to 30 nm. Horoupian's inclusion bodies associated with DAT and PBs associated with Pick's disease are different in this neuropathological aspect. The NFTs, including Horoupian's inclusion bodies in the dentate fascia in cases of DAT, are considered to be a manifestation of neurofibrillary degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687577
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultracytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in endothelial cells in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 220-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Blood-brainbarrier ; Cytochemistry ; Endothelial cell ; Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the functions of endothelial cell (ECs) in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), we examined ECs ultracytochemically in various stages of EAE, in conjunction with the localization of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. We also studied the relation between the specific localization of AP activity and pathological features at each stage. Chronic relapsing EAE was induced in strain-13 guinea pigs by inoculation with homologous myelin. Controls were inoculated with complete Freund's adjuvant. The controls showed AP activity on the luminal and abluminal surfaces of the plasmalemma, and in pinocytic vesicles and vesicular pits. The localization of AP activity in the preclinical stage of EAE was similar to that in control animals. The initial inflammatory and actively demyelinating stage with perivascular cuffs of mononuclear cells showed AP-positive reactions on the abluminal surface of the plasmalemma, and in vesicles and pits, but not on the luminal surface in many ECs. In a later stage showing relatively old plaques with perivascular accumulation of debris-containing macrophages, AP activity continued to show localization similar to that seen in the initial stage, except for the presence of AP activity on some segments of the abluminal plasmalemma. Inactive lesions with marked perivascular fibrosis showed no AP reaction products. AP activity in unaffected areas showed the same localization as that in control animals throughout the various clinical stages of EAE. These findings suggest that AP activity decreased as the inflammatory demyelination in EAE progressed. The gradual disappearance of AP activity suggests development of functional impairment of ECs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686614
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by synthetic serum thymic factor (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis ; Serum thymic factor ; Suppressor T cell ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in Hartley guinea pigs and Lewis rats, which were then treated with synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS). When a dose of 30 μg/100 g body weight of FTS was subcutaneously administered to the animals on days — 1 (before inoculation), 4, 9 and 15 intermittently, clinical symptoms of acute EAE were suppressed. Histopathological evaluation showed that the severity of EAE in FTS-treated guinea pigs was less than in unteated guinea pigs. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the numbers of OX6+, W3/25+, W3/13+ and OX19+ cells in FTS-treated rats were less than in untreated rats and that the number of OX8+ cells in FTS-treated rats was greater than in untreated rats. These findings suggest that FTS induced OX8+ cells in inflammatory lesions and suppressed inflammation in acute EAE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687786
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical studies on the blood-brain barrier in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 455-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis ; Blood-brain barrier ; Na+, K+-Adenosine triphosphatase ; Basal lamina ; Horseradish peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We induced chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), and studied the ultrastructural and ultracytochemical changes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the demyelinating lesions of various stages of EAE. In the chronic, inactive stage with gliosis and perivascular fibrosis, the basal lamina (BL) of the perivascular processes of astrocytes was formed only partially, and neural parenchyma was not fully separated from the perivascular mesenchymal tissues by the BL of astrocytic processes. Vascular permeability of the BBB was studied using exogenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as the tracer: HRP extravasation was marked during the stages of both active myelin breakdown and removal of debris, and was recognized even at the inactive stage, although the degree was reduced to a very low level. The functions of the endothelia, assessed by ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependentp-nitrophenylphosphatase activity, were impaired as EAE progressed. The decrease in HRP leakage at the inactive stage suggests the endothelial impairment of active transport of metabolites including HRP. Along with the development of infammatory demyelination in EAE, the BBB in affected areas became more and more altered, and gradual morphological and functional impairment of the BBB developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687246
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondria covered with a net of parallel and latticed filaments in nigral neurons of monkeys with experimental parkinsonism (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 489-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; Parkinson disease ; Substantia nigra ; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nigral neurons of crab-eating monkeys treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) showed a peculiar configuration occasionally in mitochondria. The outer membrane of mitochondria was covered with a net of fine parallel or latticed filaments, which turned spirally about the long axis of the mitochondria. The filaments were approximately 8 nm in diameter: parallel filaments were arranged at intervals of about 13 nm from center to center; and latticed filaments intersected each other at an angle of almost 135°. When mitochondria were present in groups, the intermitochondrial gap was occasionally filled with the same parallel filaments. The netted mitochondria were frequently associated with intramitochondrial abnormalities such as small flocculent inclusions and disintegrated cristae. Only one or two netted mitochondria were counted in the perikaryon of one section of an injured neuron. They appeared in about one-third of mildly or moderately injured neurons in three of six MPTP-treated monkeys, and not in normal surviving and recovering neurons of treated animals, or in neurons of control animals. We consider the netted mitochondria to be a pathological configuration related to a metabolite of oxidation of MPTP, and to be different from the stubby mitochondria reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a non-ALS case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687250
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropathological study on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine of the crab-eating monkey (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 370-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism ; Crab-eating monkey ; Substantia nigra ; Locus ceruleus ; Mitochondrial abnormalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental parkinsonism was induced by systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). In the acute stage, the substantia nigra showed necrotic nerve cells, extracellular release of pigment granules and histiocytic infiltration. The nerve cells underwent vacuolation of the cytoplasm with chromatin clumping of the nucleus and disintegration of the nucleolus. The striking feature was the presence of variously-shaped inclusion bodies within abnormal mitochondria which sometimes disclosed a distortion of the cristae. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were also dilated. In the locus ceruleus swollen nerve cells were observed with vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nucleus where expanded mitochondria also contained the inclusions. Some of the inclusion bodies are probably insoluble precipitations due to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation by a certain metabolite of MPTP. In the protracted stage the substantia nigra revealed a considerable loss of the nerve cells associated with melanophagia and astrocytic proliferation. A few surviving nerve cells showed an increased number of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticula, and the presence of autophagosomes, dense bodies and intra-mitochondrial inclusions. These changes are interpreted as being a part of the reparative process from the cellular damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687790
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of molybdenum carbide particles from an amorphous phase induced by ion bombardment (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transmission electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy revealed that the Ar+-ion bombardment of a carbon-containing molybdenum film with an amorphous structure led to the growth of carbide particles smaller than ∼30nm in diameter. The particles possessed an fcc structure and were distributed like islands in the film. Electron diffraction analysis identified them withβ-MoC0.75, a high-temperature phase of MoC0.75. Presumably, the heating effect of the ion beam was responsible for forming and stabilizing the particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616063
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in females: diagnosis by an immunohistochemical method (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 146 (1987), S. 370-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency ; Heterozygote ; Immunohistochemical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Females heterozygous for the X-linked urea cycle disorder, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency have a significant risk of developing hyperammonaemia. Diagnosis of this genetic defect in a proband is the essential starting point for family studies. By an immunohistochemical analysis of the liver specimens fixed in 10% formalin, we confirmed heterozygous status for OTC deficiency in two female patients, a 15-year-old girl and a 2-year-old girl, who died of hyperammonaemia. Since most affected males lack cross reactive materials (CRM), an immunochemical analysis should be useful for the diagnosis of most heterozygous females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444940
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GABAergic Inhibition on Dopamine Cells of the Fish Retina: A [3H]Dopamine Release Study with Isolated Cell Fractions (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Inner retinal cells including dopamine (DA) cells were isolated and fractionated from the carp (Cyprinus carpio) retina by an enzyme cell dissociation and metrizamide gradient centrifugation method. When γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists (bicuculline and picrotoxin) were added into the perfusate over such a cell fraction, they stimulated the release of [3H]DA which had been preloaded in the cell fraction. The action of GABA antagonists was dose and Ca2+ dependent. Their minimal effective concentration was very low (0.5 μM). A similar action was elicited by high K+. In the presence of excess GABA, this stimulatory action of GABA antagonists and high K+ on [3H]DA release was completely abolished. To interpret the action of GABA antagonists on DA cells, isolated cell fractions were preincubated with GABAse. After such a treatment, the stimulatory effects of GABA antagonists and high K+ on [3H]DA release were differentiated from each other; the former disappeared whereas the latter remained unchanged. The data strongly suggest that GABA inhibits the DA release from retinal DA cells and thus the GABA antagonists affect [3H]DA release from cell fractions not by a direct membrane action but by a disinhibition mechanism via GABA receptors on the DA cell bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb13221.x
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