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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyroelectric and dielectric properties of europium orthochromite (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1989), S. 1434-1435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00720214
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of GdCrO3 ceramic (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1989), S. 1085-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730495
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic susceptibility study of 3d transition metal molybdates of the type L2(MoO4)3 (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1986), S. 783-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730090
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some new data on lithium sulphate (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 425-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730765
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical transport in light rare-earth vanadates (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 3167-3176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports electrical transport studies of rare-earth vanadates (RVO4 with R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd), prepared by solid state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. TGA study (300 to 1200 K) shows no weight loss; possible phase transitions in the range 1075 to 1300 K have been indicated by DTA studies. All these vanadates are typical semiconducting compounds with room temperature electrical conductivity (σ) lying between 10−4 and 10−2Ω−1m−1. Measurements of σ and the Seebeck coefficient (S) are reported in the temperature interval 400 to 1200 K. Two linear regions 400 to T 1K and T 1 to T 2K have been obtained from the log σ against T −1 as well as the S against T −1 plots followed by a peak around T 3 and minima around T 4K. T 4〉T 3〉T 2〉T 1, are different for different vanadates. It has been concluded that in the interval 400 to T 1K, conduction is of the extrinsic hopping type with Ce4+ in CeVO4, Pr4+ in PrVO4 and V4+ in Nd to Gd vanadates as dominant defect centres. In the temperature interval T 1, to T 2K, the conduction has been shown to be of the intrinsic band type in all vanadates with polarons of intermediate coupling strength as the dominant charge carriers. Above T 2 all vanadates tend to become metallic, but before this is achieved the phase change makes the conductivity smaller. T 4 is close enough to the temperature corresponding to the DTA peak to be termed the phase transition temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545182
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantal detection and homogeneous sensitivity in a pentylenetetrazol discrimination (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Operant behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 20 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever operant task. Correct lever presses were reinforced with food under the control of a fixed ratio 10 schedule. In tests of the effect of PTZ dose on level selection, rats selected the PTZ lever in a dose-dependent manner, with peak latency at the approximate ED50 dose (10 mg/kg). Rats usually pressed only the selected lever, regardless of dose, indicating that lever selection was a quantal (or bimodal) function of stimulus intensity. Lever biases observed during training sessions did not predict the performance of individual rats in tests with the ED50 dose. In three independent trials with this intermediate dosage, the rats selecting the PTZ lever varied from trial to trial, suggesting that rats detecting this dose did not form a stable subgroup. The pattern of lever selections across these three trials was not significantly different from that predicted by a model in which all subjects shared the same probability for detecting the drug stimulus. These results demonstrate that lever selection in a two-lever drugdiscrimination task can be quantal in nature, and suggest that rats trained with PTZ, 20 mg/kg, are homogeneous in sensitivity to this stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176842
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method to shorten the training phase of drug discrimination (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 93 (1987), S. 435-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Cocaine ; Learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate “drug” from “no drug” in a two-lever, food-reinforced task. One group was trained with cocaine (10 mg/kg) and a second group was trained with pentylenetetrazol (20 mg/kg). A method designed to shorten the time required for the training phase of drug discrimination experiments was assessed in subgroups for each drug. In one subgroup, single training sessions were conducted daily. In the other subgroup, a second session (either drug or saline) was conducted on days for which the first condition was saline. The training conditions were presented in an irregular sequence, with the same condition occurring in no more than two consecutive sessions. Rats trained by the accelerated method learned the discrimination in fewer days, with no decrement in acquisition per session, suggesting that drug discrimination training can be accomplished more rapidly by reducing inter-session interval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207231
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Withdrawal from chronic nicotine substitutes partially for the interoceptive stimulus produced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentylenetetrazol ; Drug dependence ; Withdrawal ; Mecamylamine ; Discrimination ; Diazepam ; Nicotine ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained on an FR10 schedule of food reinforcement to press one lever after pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), 20 mg/kg, IP, and an alternate lever after saline. After acute nicotine, 0.64 mg/kg, SC, 35% of the rats pressed the PTZ-lever. Diazepam, 5 mg/kg, IP, blocked the stimulus produced by PTZ, and mecamylamine, 5 mg/kg, IP, blocked the stimulus produced by nicotine. Training was then suspended and rats were treated with nicotine, at 8-h intervals, 0.64 mg/kg on the 1st day, and 1.25 mg/kg on subsequent days, for 21 days. To determine whether nicotine withdrawal substitutes for the stimulus produced by PTZ, rats were tested with saline at various times after chronic nicotine injections. Data from this part of the study were replicated in another group given nicotine for 15 days. Saline at 8 h after nicotine (five determinations each group) produced a small but stable degree of PTZ lever selection (35±4%). At 48 h after termination of nicotine treatment, the percentage of rats selecting the PTZ lever (50%) was greater than that in a control group tested after an equivalent period without training. The PTZ-like stimulus detected after chronic nicotine was not altered by mecamylamine, was additive with PTZ, and was blocked by diazepam. These data suggest that withdrawal from chronic nicotine produces a weak PTZ-like stimulus, which can be antagonized by an anxiolytic drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172876
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conduction in non-metallic rare-earth solids (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 919-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Schematic energy band diagrams for the genesis of charge carriers in non-metallic rare-earth solids have been presented. It has been shown that positions of 4f bands have significant effect on the genesis and nature of charge carriers, their conduction mechanism and magnitude of electrical conductivity (σ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) of the solid. Relevant relations have been given for bothσ and S in different situations. Experimental data on rare-earth sesquioxides (R2O3), rare-earth tungstates [R2(WO4)3] and rare-earth molybdates [R2(MoO4)3] in the intrinsic range have been explained as examples for the validity of energy band diagrams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153989
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic and ionic conduction in some simple lithium salts (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 1159-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The electrical conductivity (σ) and thermoelectric power (S) of solidified melt samples of Li2MoO4, Li2WO4 and Li2SO4 are presented in the temperature range 415 K to melting point of each compound. The ratio of ionic to electronic contribution toσ has been obtained with the help of a time-dependence study of d.c. electrical conductivity. It has been shown that in Li2MoO4 electronic contribution toσ remains high up to its melting point (about 8% just below the melting point) and it shows no superionic phase. However, in Li2WO4 and Li2SO4 a superionic phase is obtained in which the ionic contribution toσ is more than 99.99%. However, in normal ionic (orα) phase it is small and decreases with decreasing temperature. Separate temperature variations of ionic (σ i) and electronic (σ e) conductivities are presented and the conduction mechanisms are discussed. It is shown that ionic conduction in theβ-phase is dominated by Schottky-type defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553137
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