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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 163-174 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Feeding deterrents ; toxicity ; Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi ; thiram ; Azadiracta indica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Des expériences de consommation avec et sans choix ont été utilisées pour déterminer l'effet de différentes substances sur la prise de nourriture par D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber. Des disques de feuilles de Zea mays avec dissuadants ont été présentés à des chenilles du troisième stade; l'état des disques a été examiné au bout de 3,6 et 24 h dans les expériences de choix et de 48 et 72 h en absence de choix. Les extraits éthanoliques (1% dans l'éthanol) de Méliacées sont tous très efficaces, tandis que ceux à l'hexane (1% dans le pentane) sont inefficaces. Le thiram (disulfure de tétraméthylethiuram) utilisé comme matériel technique, à 50% ou à 75%, est lui aussi efficace (à 0,5% ou 1% dans l'acétone). Lorsqu'il y a choix tous les thirams sont aussi dissuasifs, alors qu'en absence de choix le thiram 75% paraît le plus efficace. Lorsque ce dernier est contaminé par 0,87% en poids de dieldrine, il est efficace lors d'expériences simulant le sol du champ. La contamination par la dieldrine rend le thiram 75 toxique autant que dissuadant. Cette toxicité n'est pas observée sur le thiram technique ou le thiram 50. Les modes d'action des différents dissuadants sont discutés.
    Notes: Abstract Leaf-disk feeding tests were conducted to determine the effect of various chemicals on southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, larval feeding. Ethanolic extracts of plant seeds from the family Meliaceae were all highly active feeding deterrents, while hexane extracts were ineffective as deterrents. In leaf disk feeding tests, the fungicide thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide), as technical material or formulated as thiram 50% or 75% (AI) was also an effective feeding deterrent. In choice tests, all thiram-based deterrents were equally effective, while in no-choice tests, thiram-75 was most effective at preventing feeding. Thiram-75 was also effective in protecting corn seedlings in a soil bioassay mimicking the field environment. It was determined that the formulation of thiram-75 used in these tests had been contaminated with 0.87% dieldrin (by weight). The contaminated thiram-75 had a toxic action, as well as a deterrent effect on southern corn rootworm larvae and both factors contributed to overall feeding inhibition. Toxicity was not found in technical thiram or in thiram-50. The mode(s) of action of the various deterrents are discussed in relation to screening procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 18 (1989), S. 819-831 
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Assemblies are a specialization of intramembrane structure in astrocytes which is concentrated in astrocytic processes at the interface with vascular and cerebrospinal fluid compartments. When astrocytic processes are rapidly frozen and then freeze-fractured at very low stage temperature, the constituent particles of assemblies fracture in at least two planes in the lipid bilayer. The true outer surface of the astrocytic membrane can be exposed by etching rapidly frozen tissue and in such preparations the assemblies are seen to extend through the extracellular half of the membrane to be exposed on the surface to the extracellular fluid. The dimensions of the particles, their tendency to fracture at several levels and their exposure to the extracellular space all indicate that they are not composed solely of lipid. We conclude that assemblies represent a protein which partially or entirely bridges the membrane and which may serve a transport function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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