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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Step semantics for “true” concurrency with recursion (1989)
    Springer
    Distributed computing 3 (1989), S. 130-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0452
    Keywords: Denotational semantics ; True concurrency ; Smyth powerdomain of streams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a variety of denotational linear time semantics for a language with recursion and “true” concurrency in a form of synchronous co-operation, which in the literature is known as step semantics. We show that this can be done by a generalization of known results for interleaving semantics. A general method is presented to define semantical operators and denotational semantics in the Smyth powerdomain of streams. With this method, first a naive and then more sophisticated semantics for synchronous co-operation are developed, which include such features as interleaving and synchronization. Then we refine the semantics to deal with a bounded number of processors, subatomic actions, maximal parallelism and a real-time operator. Finally, it is indicated how to apply these ideas to branching-time models, where it becomes possible to analyze deadlock behaviour as well as a form of “true” concurrency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanosphaera stadtmaniae gen. nov., sp. nov.: a species that forms methane by reducing methanol with hydrogen (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanosphaera stadtmaniae ; Hydrogen ; Methanol ; Methane ; Human large intestine ; Methanobacteriaceae ; Archaebacterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanosphaera stadtmaniae is a non-motile, Gram-positive spherical-shaped organism that obtains energy for growth by using hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane. It does not produce methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide, formate, acetate or methylamines and cannot grow with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, nitrate, fumarate, sulfate or choline. Its pH optimum is 6.5 to 6.9 and its temperature optimum is 36° to 40° C. It is not inhibited by bile salts, inhibitors of the synthesis of folic acid coenzymes, cephalothin or clindamycin but is inhibited by metronidazole, bacitracin, monensin, lasalocid, or bromoethanesulfonate. It requires acetate, carbon dioxide, isoleucine, ammonium, and thiamin for growth and biotin is stimulatory. It does not contain cytochromes and the mol % G+C of its DNA is 25.8. The composition of its cell wall and 16 S rRNA and its immunological fingerprint are consistent with characterization of the organism as a member of a new genus of the family Methanobacteriaceae. The habitat of the type strain is the human large intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423270
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High gain, multiatmosphere CO2 laser amplifier (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel TE discharge, 15-mm aperture, multiatmosphere, CO2 laser amplifier is described, with measured electrical characteristics and gain measurements on the 9.294-μm, 9R(16) line. The electrical circuit used in this amplifier is a realistic alternative to the Marx bank or conventional LC inversion circuit and, similarly, it would be useful for excitation of other gas lasers as well. This automatically preionized, double-sided, fourfold LC inversion circuit uses only one spark gap, and it is shown to provide small-signal gains of 5.7% cm−1, at 120 J l−1 atm−1 and 10 atm. The generalization to an n–stage device, which would be suitable for higher pressures, and larger apertures, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139318
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of a sub-tropical low gradient black water river (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 17 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Single-station diel oxygen curves were used to monitor the oxygen metabolism of the Ogeechee River, a sixth-order blackwater river in the Coastal Plain of southeastern U.S.A., over a period of 4 years. Ecosystem production (P) and respiration (R) were estimated, and P/R ratios calculated to determine the extent of autotrophy characteristic of this type of river. The potential error in oxygen metabolism caused by photo-oxidation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water was measured and found to be minor.2. Rates of ecosystem primary production measured were intermediate compared to other rivers, ranging from 0.49 to 13.99g O2m−2 day −1.Primary production rates were highest during the summer when water levels were low. Regression analysis indicated that water depth and light absorption by DOM were significant predictors of primary production in this river. Incident light intensities were not significantly correlated with production rate.3. Respiration rates were unusually high, varying between 3.70 and 11.5 g O2 m−2 day − 1. System respiration also varied seasonally, but less than primary production. Rates were slightly higher in spring and summer.4. With one exception, P/R ratios were considerably lower than l throughout the study period, indicating that the Ogeechee River was highly heterotrophic. PIR ratios ranged from 0.09 to 1.3, and averaged 0.25.5. A carbon budget calculated for this river showed floodplain inputs were 7 times autochthonous production. Organic carbon turnover length was 690 km, considerably longer than has been reported for lower-order rivers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01046.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in physical and chemical properties of a dental palladium—silver alloy during metal—porcelain bonding (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hardening ability of a dental palladium–silver (Pd–Ag–Sn–In) bonding alloy has been investigated, and the distribution of the elements along the metal–ceramic interface have been studied by microprobe analysis. The alloy was found to be highly heterogeneous in its ‘as-cast’ condition, but homogenized alloy was obtained after heating the alloy at 1000°C for 2h. Hardening occurred after annealing at 650°C for 1 h. A longer thermal treatment caused the hardness to decrease (over-ageing). The change in hardness could be attributed to an internal oxidation phenomenon. The additional elements tin and indium segregated towards the ceramic–metal interface, with a diffusion of indium only into the porcelain. Diffusion of silver in the ceramics, supposed to be the cause of the ‘greening’ of dental porcelains baked on silver-rich alloys, has not been detected by the microprobe across the interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1986.tb00667.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shubnikov–de Haas measurements on n- and p-type HgTe-CdTe superlattices (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oscillatory magnetoresistance (Shubnikov–de Haas) measurements have been used to determine free-carrier effective masses in HgTe-CdTe superlattices. Measurements on an n-type superlattice yield an electron mass that is in excellent agreement with theoretical results from a tight-binding band-structure calculation. The p-type data are more complex, showing evidence for a light-hole mass at low magnetic fields and a much heavier mass at fields above 2.0 T. This finding is also in agreement with the predictions of band-structure theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343873
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of (3/2)ω0 emission from an underdense CO2-laser-irradiated plasma (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 650-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The angular and spectral distribution of (3/2)ω0 light emitted from a CO2-laser-irradiated underdense plasma has been measured. The results are interpreted with the help of Thomson scattering measurements of two-plasmon decay plasma wave k spectra and theoretical predictions based on the process in which pump photons are scattered off two-plasmon decay plasmons. If pump, (3/2)ω0-photon, and decay plasmon satisfy their wave vector matching condition, then the spectra provide good temperature diagnostics. Spectra of light scattered off plasmons having propagated up or down the density gradient are severely broadened.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859125
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the temporal, spatial, and saturation behavior of stimulated Brillouin scattering (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 2313-2322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temporal growth rates, spatial behavior, and saturation characteristics of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) occurring in a CO2 laser–gas jet experiment are investigated experimentally by picosecond Thomson scattering of ruby laser light as well as by intensity and spectral measurements of the backscattered light. Exponential temporal growth of the ion acoustic waves was observed and found to have a growth rate in good agreement with theory. Spatial modulations in the ion-acoustic-wave amplitude resulting from plasma inhomogeneities were found to limit the backscattered reflectivity to less than 10%. The ion acoustic waves saturate at a fluctuation amplitude of 〈20%. Ion trapping is shown to account for the observed saturation as well as temporal modulations in the ion-acoustic-wave amplitude and sibebands in the backscattered spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865567
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of stimulated Raman scattering using simultaneous Thomson scattering, fast electron spectroscopy, and infrared diagnostics (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 3451-3455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a CO2 laser(λ0=10.6 μm) produced plasma has been studied experimentally. The enhanced electron plasma wave (epw) fluctuations observed with ruby laser Thomson scattering have been compared with the scattered infrared (IR) spectra and the high-energy (near 100 keV) electrons. No scattered IR light in the range 1.5λ0 〈λ〈2λ0 was observed although the epw fluctuations suggested there should be IR light in this range. A signal was detected at 2λ0 which is due to the two plasmon decay instability. The number and energy spectra of the fast electrons are well correlated with the Thomson scattered wave vector spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865809
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The x-ray observations of a CO2-laser-produced plasma (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 2030-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The x-ray observations of a CO2-laser-produced plasma are reported. An underdense plasma is produced by the interaction of intense ≤1014 W/cm2 CO2 laser light with a laminar gas jet target. Initial observations at moderate 〈1013 W/cm2 intensities and low target density reveal an electron temperature scaling with laser intensity that is consistent with inverse bremsstrahlung absorption calculations. At higher intensities and target molecular density, a suprathermal electron temperature appears that is invariant with laser intensity. However, the variation of the detected x-ray signal with laser intensity can be correlated to the two-plasmon decay and stimulated Raman scattering instabilities that have been observed for this interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865383
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