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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kolmogorov similarity in freely decaying turbulence (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 2030-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation at high Reynolds numbers is performed by the spectral method with 3×3403 effective modes (853 independent degrees of freedom) starting from a high-symmetric flow. Kolmogorov's [C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS 30, 301 (1941)] similarity forms of the energy spectra (the one-dimensional longitudinal and lateral energy spectra as well as the three-dimensional one) in the universal range are observed in a decaying period after the enstrophy takes the maximum value. During this period the energy decays exponentially in time and the microscale Reynolds number changes from 100 to 60. At the lower part of the universal range Kolmogorov's inertial range spectrum E(k,t)=Aε(t)2/3k−5/3 is observed over nearly one decade of the wavenumber, where the Kolmogorov constant A≈1.8. At the higher part of the universal range, on the other hand, it has an exponential tail with an algebraic correction, E(k,t)/[ε(t)ν5]1/4 =B(k/kd(t))m exp[−β(k/kd(t))], R)], where B≈8.4, m≈−1.6, β≈4.9, and kd(t)=[ε(t)/ν3]1/4 is the energy dissipation wavenumber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866137
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference in growth behavior of human, swine, equine, and avian influenza viruses at a high temperature (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 100 (1988), S. 231-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Growth characteristics of a wide range of influenza A viruses from different mammals and bird species were examined in an established line of canine kidney (MDCK) cells at an ordinary (37°C) and a high temperature (42°C). Although all viruses employed in the present study possessed a capability of replicating at 37°C, virus growth at 42°C showed considerable variation and reflected differences in the natural hosts of the isolates. All reference strains and isolates from bird species grew well in the MDCK cells maintained at 42°C, but human viruses did not, showing an asymmetrical growth behavior. In contrast to this, growth of swine and equine viruses showed growth characteristics intermediate between human and avian viruses. Of the two swine viruses examined, replication of one strain occured equally well at both temperatures and another failed to grow at 42°C. Similarly, two of the three equine viruses tested belonging to H3N8 antigenic subtypes grew at 42°C. However, the results obtained from comparison of plaque sizes and growth curves indicated that the replication of the above swine and equine viruses was restricted under a stringent temperature when compared to avian viruses. The detailed analysis of cloned viruses revealed that some of the swine and equine viruses contained two variants which are readily distinguished by growth behavior at 42°C. Genome analysis of parental and virus clones by oligonucleotide mapping and migration profiles of RNA segments did not detect any differences among the above variants exhibiting the asymmetrical growth characteristics at 42°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01487686
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel and sensitive noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay for kassinin in rat plasma (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 470-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Enzyme immunoassay ; peptide ; kassinin ; biotinylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel and sensitive noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay for kassinin is described. Kassinin was biotinylated using sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)hexanoate. The biotinylated kassinin was trapped on antikassinin IgG-coated polystyrene balls and, after washing to eliminate other biotinylated substances, was eluted with HCl. The biotinylated kassinin eluted was reacted with anti-kassinin Fab'-peroxidase conjugate and trapped onto streptavidin-coated polystyrene balls. Peroxidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorimetry. The detection limit of kassinin was 0.13 pg (0.1 fmol)/tube or 0.065 μg/l of rat plasma, which was 750-fold or 15-fold lower than that for competitive radioimmunoassay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952033
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterase variation and insecticide resistance in Japanese Aphis gossypii (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphis gossypii ; cotton aphid ; clone ; esterase ; electrophoresis ; insecticide resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'activité estérase et la résistance aux insecticides ont été examinées chez 9 clones de A. gossypii, récoltés dans 5 sites du Japon. Ces clones ont été groupés en 6 types suivant le comportement et l'activité de l'estérase mis en évidence par électrophorèse. 3 clones ont présenté une activité estérase très élevée (type 1) et des résistances, moyenne pour le malathion et très élevée pour le pirimicarbe. Parmi les 6 clones ayant une activité estérase modérée, un clone (T-4a) était sensible au malathion mais très résistant au pirimicarbe, tandis que les 5 autres clones (T-2, 3a, 3b et 4b) étaient très sensibles aux deux insecticides. Ainsi, la résistance au malathion présente une forte corrélation avec une activité estérase élevée, sans qu'il n'en soit nécessairement de même pour la résistance au pirimicarbe. Une hypothèse est émise suivant laquelle l'activité estérase élevée joue un rôle important dans la résistance à ces deux insecticides, mais qu'un autre mécanisme intervient aussi dans la résistance au pirimicarbe.
    Notes: Abstract Nine clones of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) collected from five localities in Japan were tested for esterase activity and resistance to two insecticides. These clones were classified into six types according to esterase pattern and activity detected by electrophoresis. Three clones with very high esterase activity (Type-1) were moderately resistant to malathion and very highly so to pirimicarb. Of six clones with moderate esterase activity one clone (T-4a) was susceptible to malathion but highly resistant to pirimicarb, whereas five clones (T-2, 3a, 3b and 4b) were susceptible to both insecticides. Thus malathion resistance is positively correlated with high esterase activity, whereas pirimicarb resistance is not necessarily so. It is suggested that high esterase activity plays an important role in resistance to these insecticides but that another mechanism is also responsible for resistance to pirimicarb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343382
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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